Prime and when we spoke you and I about 20 minutes ago off the air the house was only about 205 600 people are so now I think we're talking about the perhaps 1200 to 1400 people. There's a handful of folks traveling up to the Northrop Auditorium balcony and Allen Strickland in myself Daniels and are in the orchestra pit hear Bob just in front of the stage. And for those of you who at the beginning of this Colonel some lecture series season me just a bit of a refresher. Once again on this Northrup setting this is Northrop Auditorium on the Minneapolis campus of the University of Minnesota near Dinkytown. And in this Northrop Auditorium is this vast stage that I suppose is probably about 30 to 35 yards wide. If you can believe that it's obviously a stage large enough for a ballet Bob and all that. Well, they used to do that after they're well, that's right. And and I don't think we'll have any of that today, but we do have a very large Sage. However, the whole thing now has the curtain drawn on it the burgundy colored heavy cloth.And then in front of the curtain are three chairs very ornate chairs, and there's a very very large Podium unusually large Podium with the pitcher and tumblers on it. And on the front of that pull is the sign distinguished Carlson lecture because Bob is you know, this is the Carlson lecture series endowed by the Carlson companies for the Hubert H, Humphrey Institute of public affairs at the University of Minnesota. And this Carlson lecture series is one that Minnesota Public Radio has broadcast since it began and we broadcast them live. And the reason we begin at 12:15 rather than Twelve sharp is because that fits the class schedule over there through diversity doesn't that's right and Bob but just a walking on stage now is Marilyn Nelson the daughter of the Kurt Carlson. So that is almost always a sign in there. They just part of the curtain a bit. So I no one else but I can see William F Buckley Jr. He's standing back there in conversation with someone making a point Not Unusual for both William buck.And that he has his manuscript in hand in the form as we know of the signature or trademark clipboard. Oh, yes, and does he have a pencil in hand? Well, I think I caught sight have a number to Yellow pencil attached either to his hand or the clipboard but now the curtain has closed again. There's drama here. I don't know why the curtain is going. Marilyn Nelson is standing on stage waiting rather patiently because she usually leaves she or her father Crossing usually lead the Entourage on stage to get this affair rolling and now at 12:16. We're already behind schedule a minute. So what's the form and Anna someone will enter it will Marilyn Nelson introduce. Mr. Buckley. All right, and then surely Clark Provost at University of Minnesota in the introduction is icy. By the program will be by G Edward shoe. He's the relatively new Dean at the Humphrey Institute of public affairs. He came over from the World Bank and before that fromSaint Paul campus of the university and then Marilyn Nelson is on hand afterwards for the presentation of the commemorative plaque which is given to all the speakers Bob backstage. They have had a gathering of of people in putting at Georgia. Mrs. Pillsbury and Wheelock Whitney and others who Minnesota now here comes Lord William Buckley on stage. It's not a pencil Bob. It's a pen a pen. I see if he's just stepping now over towards the center and he'll be seated in his chair that were all sitting down now and she had virtually 5% you ever choose not carrying a clipboard. He is carrying a Black Hole. Executive looking folder. And now geography Choo is stepping to the podium for one night soon will be the introduction.I think it's appropriate that in the Autumn of 1988 at the University of Minnesota the person welcoming the audience for a distinguished lecture series, but do it in an acting role. At the present time I'm playing an acting role for interim vice president & Provost Shirley Clark. Who unfortunately could not be with us. At a later Point all introduced the distinguished Dean at the Humphrey Institute who will in turn into dusar speaker. Let me therefore welcome you to today's lecture. This is a tremendous turnout given the rather inclement weather. We're experiencing seems like after all those dry days. We've had we could have had one more. But I think the turnout is testimony to the reputation of our speaker and the respect with what she is hell. Carlson lectures are made possible by a generous gift to the Humphrey Institute from Curtis L Carlson founder and chairperson of the board of the Carlson companies located here in Minneapolis. The lecture series brings world-renowned speakers to Minnesota. The objective is to have these speakers participate in a forum dedicated to the presentation and discussion of important public issues. We try to bring people from a wide variety of political Persuasions and to discuss their ideas in an orderly an open way. The discussion for we provide after the lecture is us an important part of the program. Collector series itself is managed by The Institute citizen education program led by Yvonne cheek we owe her and her hardworking colleagues are thanks for organizing this particular program. Now let me introduce you to it shoe who is Dean of the Humphrey Institute who will introduce our speaker as most of you already know that to me. There many ways I could introduce our speaker. Is an author an advisor a columnist a politician and adventure and editor that recalls that involves bringing Adventure also a philosopher television personality lecture. And just plain public figure and celebrity. None of you probably didn't know that. Mr. Buckley has made three trans-oceanic sailing voyages Journey to the South Pole and written the number of best sellers based on his track. We invited mr. Buckley to participate in our car selector series for different reason. However, we invited him because he's one of the most well-respected conservative thinkers in America. Are speaker founded the conservative Journal National Review in 1955 over 30 years later that journal is still going strong President Reagan himself describes it as his favorite magazine. Mr. Bucket begin a syndicated column on the right in 1960 to listen to these dates and you'll realize that he's not just a latecomer to the conservative cause today that column appears three times a week in over three hundred newspapers here in the United States and in quite a number of bra he has been named the best columnist of the year and he is a winner of the distinguished Achievement Award in journalism. These are both very significant Awards the television personality. Mr. Buckley began hosting his weekly television show Firing Line in 1966 by 1971. The program was Carrie Coast to Coast. Over the last 20 years virtually every political and intellectual leader throughout the world has appeared as a firing line guest. Mr. Buckley has won an Emmy Award for program achievement and also won the TV Guide award for the best television interviewing his awards and achievements go on and he has written many books. He's received over 20 honorary degrees. Let me stop here so we can hear more from him. It's my pleasure and honor to give you our distinguished Carlson lecture William F Buckley Jr. Who will speak to us on Reflections on current contentions. Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen. This is Carson. Sarah Humphrey That was a very generous introduction. That kind of thing doesn't had provided you don't inhale. I got used to rounding up every few months observations of general interest, which I explore. As propositions these are I share with you so that you can hear my Reflections on Kant intentions and reject or preferably accept one or two. We are in my judgment suffering as societies tend to do for mild failure to evaluate the problems of the day realistically. Our Lives is public citizen sent as private people always with the problem of distinguishing between the two visions the realistic on these are realistic Are many people in this room myself included, who am I the most beautiful wonderful woman in the entire world? That's the realism is to be encouraged. On the other front questions on the disease have opposed to explore always asking what is it? That is real. The statisticians in for most of the primary focus is of the American public at this particular time or the election coming up and the question of the Soviet Union and all foreign policy. I will accordingly secret Lance if you propositioning set it on these concerns. July 1st is that real isn't demands that we should re-examine some of the platters axioms on why people run for president. I have my own friends since those practices that suggest that I will put her to go candidates are moved by different moral standards from other Americans. I have especially in mind the clean by Arkansas to be speaking to us with Canada. This plan was a concentrate last spring of the campaign of some of the Paul Simon of Illinois. You said appearing on my television program with the other candidates that was to bring Canada to the presidential campaign. Even spoke of how elected he was way to reduce the budget while increasing benefits that what the founders need is a break never mind that they are receiving a break costing the taxpayers 25 billion dollars a year. Do we need by means of production while we continue to maintain the peace in the South Pacific the Persian Gulf the goodies southern Africa Central America and Harlem What fast does is the special lack of Canada showing by most of those who undertake to run for the president of the presents they leave the main reason so many people want to be president is it being present is a great big exalted with kings and queens and empresses dancing at your feet you least velleity the cause Middleton to the staff airplanes and helicopters at your beck and call the editorial pages of the newspapers ruminating on everything you say is if you was Socrates But y'all can the lead you to say that you really want to be president because you want to help the homeless. Or because you want to keep the peace and Nicaragua or promote war in South Africa. Now the adage that any American boy can go out to be president requires exploring. It means that we do not have a class system that 98% of our presidents have been graduates of West Point then we would conclude that is at the age of 17 you decided you wanted to present you'd better go to West Point, but that doesn't happen. Not West Point. Not Hot or Not Ripley not this University. It's not necessary, but it is necessary that you nurture a certain ambition. And more often than not it is necessary that ambition seek out a mode of expression that harmonizes with the mood of the people. If the current of the voting public during the election season happens to be alternate and your vibrations come forth as direct seek to change the AC there was nothing unusual about this and nothing in particular wrong with so many men and indeed women wanting to be Kings and Ambrose on President's that's the way the world works at. Somebody put it there are people in the world whose role is to serve the world is tablet Keepers and their responsibility is to act as full-time crap Cutters. I don't mind Michael Dukakis want him to be president conceivably the Republic could even survive a time of Paul Simon's president. Democracy is going to lose his credentials if people Nazis we had each other at talk shows and I accept the proposition. The post time is governed by his uncontrollable appetite for Canada. It would be informative to try to focus national attention on the race to succeed Mother Teresa to see Paul Simon and got in the back of it. And then with Hayden son of the door tell us what they want above all is devote their lives to human welfare at the homeless most convincing level undertaking Corporal acts of Charity on behalf of the hungry in the sick and the homeless but to go along with the fiction that that is what these gentlemen truly wanted for themselves is not his step towards natural towards National, Canada. Do you think my second proposition? Which is a realism requires that we revisit the extravagant lengths to which the ideal Universal franchise has taken us. Speaking of time that we really ought to that laid some of our dirty little secrets and I'll begin with 9. Can you think of a prominent conservative political commentator who invades against the low turnout of Voters iPad? Lot of the other end liberals who deplore the low turnout the list is endless. To deplore the tendency of the American people to indulge their apathy. And did they call at the locus classicus a failed democracy? We all remember or should that in the late sixties and early seventies high on the agenda of liberal reformers was in effect, the deinstitutionalize ation the voter registration which liberals be burned as a recorded version getting everybody out to vote on election day has went to complain is hard enough as it is getting the same man to come out in September to register so that he might vote November is asking a great many people do more than in fact they are inclined to do. We Are The Reason Not only from academic lectins but also from puppets for our indifference to our Democratic obligations, I wish delinquency is healthy Mall as well as specific and nature we reminded that in Sweden 92% of the people vote while here it is generally more like 50% the August former president Notre Dame father Theodore hesburgh was taking this line at a public seminar but dropped it but I am told that voting was a Civic Sacrament. I let anything without first having done one specific exercises was a prophet Nation. I used a vocabulary I think apps and one wish to judge from his ensuing silence a father hesburgh the trained marlys have not before thought of a decedent obligation of the active voting and if so who stands to win Hulu's from voters who do not do their homework who wins or losses by encouraging the ignorant as distinguished from the lazy. They are often the same people but not always to vote. I'm thinking likely have that ignorant holding or list list voting attracted by political demagogues in what attenuate the roots of political conservatism in government already. I find government for going and undertakings not in intended in my judgement by The Fragile charms are fused together in Philadelphia 200 years ago. My dirty little secret is that I sometimes wish fewer people would vote because to votes would probably mean more thoughtful boats. I'm just leaving Nashville to my next proposition. Which is the realism requires that we seek to renew the Democratic idea of the voters mandates? I would like to see a heavy Revival of what one might call the ethos of a common wheel. It is not everywhere acknowledged or for that matter known that John Stuart Mill the great ball of the universal franchise qualified his enthusiasm for the Hood by saying, of course, he would not expect anyone would vote who did not take into account his primary duty to the common wheel. such a statement that one sounds obvious and is anything but although Walter mondale's bid for the presidency in 1984 was discredited first by the voters and only then by the pundits his straightforward attempt to encourage block holding and then to endear himself Syria him to those blocks was treated with this may only by those Democrats wouldn't think it would work. It was not treated with this made by any Democratic commentator whose name comes to mind on the grounds that it was disreputable Behavior. It is universally expected. But if you contend for the presidency and a primary in the state of Iowa, you must speak for them topically about the plight of the farmers. This is considered as politically axiomatic and for so long as it is so considered it becomes politically axiomatic. Democratic ideals to believe the nurturing the ethos of the commonweal have to come up with some means of generating Collective displeasure. Yes even contempt for those who encourage voters who identify the responsibilities of the commonweal with their immediate personal interest narrow, if you'd know subsidies for farmers in Iowa is in the long run way to hurt even the farmers in Iowa, even a steep advances in the minimum wage are going to end up hurting for people and young people. Are those who believe high and Noble purposes are achieved only through the universal exercising franchise why my opinion was taken when I was a boy 15. I heard some of the cop in Ed Smith from South Carolina make a speech in the State House Columbia replete with patronising Dracula and hostile references to what he called in Negra people. I very much doubt that such pizzas is he and so many others routinely gave the Americans have 50 years ago will today be tolerated in South Africa? The empiricists jump up and explained that the changes in the South came about only as result of the enfranchisement of the blacks of the block vote. It came to be that no politician could afford to speak disrespectfully of a minority who's voted solicited. But I think that the change that came in this house was primarily the fruition of the long African cultural revolution, the young post-war generation the South as a result of Education travel and the distancing of itself in the Civil War and reconstruction. We're not prepared to fight for Jim Crow and short January lesson was agitating the active mind even as genuine idealism was at work between the time of Philadelphia and Fort Sumter a. During which using mostly humanitarian arguments. There's a will before getting around on the subject of the slave trade without any black constituency The Egg & I on Suppose that the critical Community where to consolidate all the proposition that appeals for the phone voting Iowa based on proposals to take from the money for the benefit of the few are as disreputable as taking from the many blacks in the rural South for the benefit of the wife You by regressive taxation or neglected schools. Everyone has a stake in encouraging a taboo against narrow South interested voting as an acceptable substitute for voting for The commonweal how to fold the prospects of these desiderata by institutional reforms first. We should discourage the votes of the Rollie ignorant and apathetic. Suddenly you could vote even if you could not read or write not really in English, but in any language. Once again a reason was given for doing this that did not stand serious scrutiny. It was that literacy tests had been widely used to disqualify A persecuted minorities primary black minority Horry joke was of the voting registrar who handed on a sparring black for a page of Sophocles in the original Greek. What does it say the pool watch her ass? It says he has had the old dog keeps putting away his bifocals but no nigga is not a vote today. That was high Gallows humor in the battle days, and it was much Reliance on the pointed restaurant to do away with the literacy test all together in order to accomplish. What? We're told by Santa Bill Bradley. One of whose committee has recently looked into the matter of young illiteracy the 1/4 of the college seniors in Dallas, Texas do not know the name of the following countries South of the Border. If this is so then that quarter of the college population of Texas or not to be voting in a general election pending their introduction to the existence of the Republic of Mexico. With the house graduate training as to its geographical location. It is one thing to be born with a right to a passport protecting us from infancy of the Grave from abuses by the state. It is something else to assume that Mia birth in America entitles us to define the laws that govern us. Mine is hardly an appeal to voting only by the educated leaves many years ago. I affirm that I would to put myself sooner be governed by the first 2,000 Ames in the Boston telephone book and by the faculty of Harvard. And I reiterate this reference. Among the 2000 Boston telephone users. They will be perhaps 100 who have never heard of Mexico but among 2000 PCS. They will be five hundred will vote for Utopia which always everywhere means of nipotent Nothing Bundt. Line-X proposition is that the so-called Reagan Revolution? Will not be consummated until opposition to discriminatory taxation becomes a part of the public lost fan. In September three years ago. I stopped at his offices in Lisbon. The Prime Minister has younger been vaguely intense and not in the style of the academic rather than the politician we talked about this and that he had just returned from an official visit to Washington, but his attention was clearly elsewhere. Finally, he blurted it out. Do you realize he's having that the tax bill passed yesterday in Washington means that when 1988 rolls along your highest federal tax rate will be lower than our lowest marginal rate. I didn't quite know. What was the appropriate to combat. I think I said something pleasant about Magellan. Deepest you the point as if engaging in a soliloquy as a former academic himself, he is a part of a culture trained to think of high incremental taxation as well as the Civilized thing to do. I reminisce that 10 years earlier touring Denmark, I'll professional guide at taking this by the Danish Parliament and said to my son and probably here in Denmark. We have the highest tax rate in all of Europe. It is 90% at the highest level and next year you hope to lift that to 95% He told us this house. He might have told us that in the preceding Olympics The dames had won two gold medals in 4 Silvers, but that in the next Olympics. They hope to make that three goals and six sofas. Tobacco silver didn't pause that afternoon to consider the economic impact of the Reagan tax Revolution. It is potentially that a revolution that long march from a 70% High tax when he took office to a 28% tax this year. I didn't doubt the Portugal's prime minister would be getting much thought to The Economic Consequences of drastically lower marginal tax rates, but not this afternoon today. He was a dumb founded graduate of an academic also the thought of high taxes as a mark of civilized political Arrangements Latin American president who two years earlier. I had captured the vote in 49 states should have won an overwhelming vote in a democratic Congress in favor of sailaja tax reduction was on the order of waking up during the sixties to discover the Lyndon Johnson had appointed Jane Fonda Secretary of Defense. the tax policies the past decade beginning with the house Ways and Means Committee has decision to lower the top capital gains tax from 49.8% to a revolution in ethical. It has been something on the order of a transfer elev8 done will understanding that. He cannot make Prosperity brought on by success had many levels is a general tonic for the society as a whole and that those who bring on a substantial Rising employment and in productivity or not to be thought of his Public Enemies. When President Jimmy Carter was told in 1978 that the democratically-controlled house Ways and Means Committee was determined to do something. So drastic is to bring back the Lord capital gains tax. He reacted as if all Ten Commandments were about to be violated in his Rose Garden at High Noon. The Invaders great and holy wrath against this rich man's relief bill as did the three leading daily journals of the Eastern Seaboard liberal establishment. The Boston Globe the New York Times And The Washington Post and you caused it takes two or three years for the figures to set up. The Department of Commerce released figures quite astonishing to opponents of the lower tax rate tax revenues will not declaring a capital gains tax would not only higher than they had been that they confiscatory rate. They was very much higher by 1985 by which time the rate was further reduced to 20% The revenue from capital gains was four times larger than it had been at the 49% rate already returned from the Lord Marshal race on income indicate increase revenues for the federal government the whole idea of supply-side economics. Darien's my friend professor John Kenneth Galbraith when calling himself a socialist makes one of the few non controversial statements of his talkative. Korea spoke from deep in the bowels of the gallop are any sauce when you said in my presence at a public debate and he was ripping the same effect that the Lord rates deeply disturbed by an important Ethics in America namely the shared satisfaction of the public and knowing that the a Florida being Pac-12 punitively for much of the century high taxation has been viewed as a fitting calvinistic rebuke the entrepreneurial success or inherited Good Fortune This perception is no longer secure as inquisitive intelligence focuses on the beneficial social results of economic success and the intuitive respect for the idea of equal treatment under the law. wonders about the Augustus of discriminatory taxation cavaco Silva on Galbraith on the left until agencia worldwide have been hit by the full Fury of a kind of cultural dislocation. The amplitude of the revolution is evident in the continuing election reluctance of mr. Dukakis to endorse what the adamant left within his own party has demanding instant endorsement of higher taxation of the Athlon II end of Corporations. True. Jesse Jackson has clung to his insistence on higher taxation though, even he has proposed only that the rate big lifted to a top of 38% with any reform. Before it can be said fully to engage the acquiescence of the society needs a. Of consolidation. There was little residual resistance the reform acts in Great Britain after their meaning had coursed through the minds and hearts of the thinking classes on and fifty years ago. No more would we say that the survival of the Civil Rights revolution in the United States is problematic. Any return to Jim Crow is as inconceivable as a return to slavery and able to use tax alongside the indexation of the taxes protection against tax increases by inflation all solid planks under the floor representative government. F A Hayek in his seminal book The Constitution of Liberty Road that the progressive income tax is not only the chief source of the responsibility of democratic action, but the crucial issue on which the whole character of future Society will depend. A political history of this country emphasizes private property at the broad as a Buddhist brake on a nipotent government socialism operates as Lord. Newcastle Road in his same as I say only by making property perpetually insecure the flight of capital from the third world is a reflection not so much the better opportunities elsewhere as of economic chaos and safe sanctuaries, the Reagan Revolution appears to be spreading to other countries. They're all low income tax in India Canada France to time Sweden Australia is at the turn of the century. It is said that he has been stopped. It's a sentence already moribund. It will be substantially on the couch out of the rear stabilizer ocean of property. My final proposition emitting because the constraints of Time Life on policy plants. I takes off from the real thing. The notwithstanding that we here in America are sometimes a weakened by nightmares. We have only to pick up this morning's paper to know that as the British boy just that 100 years ago. The land is bright almost so realistically bright play. Yes by vicissitude but the Republic for which we stand as the schoolchildren in Massachusetts are not encouraged to say My proposition is it we need to cultivate the facility for gratitude. When I was 13 years old, I was shop around here and there along with two sisters about the same age about the greater environs of London my music teacher I'm whom I loved and still do was by my side, but I went to the counter a little souvenir shop and trazodone Haven and paid out three or four Shillings for Shakespearean the Sundries I had picked out. I'm elderly lady took my money returned me some change and then suddenly withdrew from the display case a tiny one square in tradition of Romeo and Juliet and smiling gave it to me a gift. Groupon I took the six but she had just before giving me in change and deposited it in her hand and a reciprocal gift once outside. I received a kind with resin rebuke from my teacher. I have done an extensive things you inform me a gift is a gift. She said I must learn she went on to accept gifts. They are profaned by any attempted automatic reciprocity. Many years later I read in a biography of Abraham Lincoln thought an episode that had briefly convulsed the receiving line at the White House a lady in that line after taking the presents had informal greeting or rushed forward with her left hand a huge bundle of long-stemmed roses depositing them in effect Auto Lincoln. The president on the receiving line were immobilized Abraham Lincoln smiled and said after the beavers pause of these really for me. Yes, his guest replied beaming in that case a present said I can think of nothing that would give me more pleasure than to bring something to you. Flowers returned there was Smiles all around the lady took back her roses and the line moved on that is an unusual perhaps a singular exception to my music teachers injunction against the social Center reciprocal gifts to people in public life will private have managed not to extemporaneous grapes. Many years went by and then a fortnight ago I received on my trusty electronic MCI a message from a friend a computer expert. He said that the legal system I had you in for one which would let me locate individual book titles in my library by my computer has been completed to get worked on it for over a month it is you his message read as a belated Christmas present. I flashed back on my computer screen that I insisted. He send me a bill for Professional Services one more month later my mind travel back and I was again a little boy at a souvenir shop in Stratford balancing a kindly woman who had to say tonight's been rusting. There and then I said the grown-up equivalent of tears at my grocery, but it's all reflect on it. There is a distinction you gift automatically repaid in roughly equivalent to Tender is corrupted. It ceases to be a guest and the philanthropic impulses try deuced. The unrequited gift and Brooks raised as one of The Unborn traces of Life any effort to repay load the risers the offering and one risks repaying a kindness with an act of aggression. Play country a civilization that gives us such a gift as we dispose of cannot be repaid in kind. There's no way in which we can give to the United States a president of a Bill of Rights in exchange for its having given us a Bill of Rights our facts. The near Universal remote if I don't think I got sick as the fingerprint of the masses in the world. Is that of the West in the ritual pool ruin it or ignorant who accepts without any thought of any debt incurred the patrimony, we all enjoy those of us who live in the Free World the numbing be nothing for the wheel nothing to Plato and Aristotle nothing to the prophets who wrote the Bible nothing to the generations who fought Four Freedoms activated in the Bill of Rights. We are basket cases of ingratitude. So many of us we cannot hope to repay in kind what Socrates gave to us, but to live lies without any sense of obligation to those who made possible lives as tolerable as all within the frame of the human predicament God imposed on us a lack of gratitude to our parents who suffered raises to our teachers who labor to teachers to the sign. Super long the lies about children and parents. When does he strikes them down to spiritually after thawing we cannot repay the gift of the Beatitudes vert Eternal searing meaning blessed are the poor in spirit for theirs is the kingdom of heaven, but I'm going to recognize and we always used that which can be replayed it only by gratitude to find here as an appreciation of the best that we have at a determined effort to protect and cherish it Marxist has the masses in Revolt in revolt against our benefactors all civilization against God himself to fail to experience gratitude. When walking to the car doors or the Metropolitan Museum was listening to the music of Bach and Beethoven when exercising has to speak or to give or withhold assent. Is more than two profaned spontaneous generosity of the client to express however clumsily to feel however coarsely our gratitude for the fruits of Genius the generosity human and divine for the Wellsprings of human concern that gave us Shakespeare Abraham Lincoln Mark, Twain parents are friends. And yes the old lady in in Stratford. We need a reverse of gratitude for those who have cared for us living and mostly dead. The higher moment of our way of life are their gifts us. We must remember them in our thoughts and our prayers. I did not Deeds William F. Buckley Jr. Distinguish Carlson lecture to listen to a live broadcast of these comments coming from leprechaun a crying at the University of Minnesota is topic Reflections on current contention receiving the Applause. Northrop Auditorium from an audience that I would now estimated almost 3,000 to 4 G of virtue of the questions. The most challenging presentation we have approximately a half an hour for a questions and answers you have been given little cards that you couldn't write your question on we will try to get through as many of them as we can. I'm going to give mr. Buckley a couple of easy ones to start with so it while he recuperates from his speech given that he has a rather bad cold the first easy wouldn't mr. Buckley is who won the debate And the second and even easier one is who will win the presidential election and why? Well, I think that George Bush won the debate I wrote to that effect. To do though it to those who rebuked me on the ground that I acted that I that I was motivated by Parson considerations. I would point to a call and I Road 1980 and which I said that I thought. Mr. Carter the fitted Ronald Reagan in the bed. I thought they were off to a very start. The first class was about drugs and mr. Bush said that then they had once been a meaning that legalizing drugs, but of course he implied that was yesterday no longer exists because nobody really want to approve of drugs. He could not have missed more points in the singles happens. . The movement to legalize drugs is growing not diminishing and there's absolutely no relationship between that movement and the approval of drugs are the caucus incredibly said that one of the reasons our young people are using drugs is because they have been so disillusioned by the administration's dealing with Noriega. Mr. Dukakis might have been introduced to the world as it is a reminder that the people like presents roast o Kennedy and Truman. I have made deals with people I cast all in inclusive and Bette's Nathan and Roebuck and that one doesn't understand one doesn't die in the real world take the position that we need to approve the activities of people with whom we be able to be sure. I know that God doesn't have atom bombs. So we don't have to give him a steak dinner if you had a tamale. But in any event that the retreat from real politique was wondering mr. Bush Miss done. But but from that moment on that he spoke with composure and we'll see sense of inviting his listeners to way of the weaknesses and mustard to caucus is a argument. I'll be posting to save that. Most people think it was even which means that once again, I'm out of Step. next question is What presidential candidate seem to be careful? Cautious men with moderate Centrist sensibilities? Do you see any significant differences in the candidates in terms of how their election will impact the country as we head into the 1990s? Oh, yes. I'm not sure we would reach 19 night is if you talk to us was elected. It is become an aspect of McCarthyism to call somebody a liberal. There's a sense in which we conservatives up from liberalism. So that my own my own feeling about the coordinates of oppositional is playing that. I think it's correct that. Mr. Dukakis in no significant way disapproves of the following policies a trace back to a George McGovern and before that to Henry Wallace for for Houma George McGovern work as a 24 year old volunteer. I think we playing that. Mr. Dukakis has a kind of a personal articulated antipathy two things are military. He turned on for invitations to visit the largest bass we have in the Northeast he declined permission to permit the lines to pass over the state of Massachusetts with coordinate the defense of a structure in the event of an atomic emergency because you said I think about Atomic weapons and this he just names to do he tends to be I think of monkeys are in the habit. He had passed a law a few weeks ago saying the beginning the first of the of next year nobody who wanted to work in the fire department on the post off all or in the police department on the prisoners could smoke cigarettes on or off duty and this is a mr. Big Brother. I think he is a a moralist and that as such he would be a failure as a president in a society that the seats and get the inherent good nature of its husband and I don't mean to say that he is a man of a competency manifestly is I'm simply saying that that is one reason why I think it would be very different from Lawton to mister Bush's directions. Next question follows from the add-on that either Dukakis or bush will be president after this January What specifically would you anticipate each to do to trim the deficit? Is important caveat, please be more specific than quote raise taxes or quote cut domestic spending. Well, there's no reason to expect me to act as a soothsayer tonight to drag out of either of them. There's a secret agenda. I don't neither of them has confided to see could have done to me. So I'm in a position only to say in what direction would the two lien seems to be playing at the mister Dukakis is privately at war with the whole bipartisan effort to increase the productivity Carnival reducing taxes. He is not expressed himself on that point giving himself. However available power suit, he would only raise taxes quote as a last resort. It's easy as heavy as if I'd almost anything as a last resort if I wants to but we have two are we going to have a 70 billion dollar budget deficit this year, which is likely that much of the last resort if that's what you want to focus by contrast. I think it was the bush does believe there's something of an economic Miracle has taken place during a statement pasta. The longest. In American history was out of recession 16 million people unemployed 66% of the population working compared to 59% of the European population working so that he would tend to I think at this point to encourage what he wants Denominated is voodoo economics who do economics if it works ceases to be a voodoo and becomes just plain economics. Have a very thoughtful question many young people are turned away from running for public office for a variety of reasons. One of which it is no longer considered an honorable profession what can be done to change the situation but one thing that can be done is to revive what I call these thoughts of the commonweal success or lack of success depends on the extent to which he flatters orders not local interests concerning specific local problems. He loses a sense of self. That's the case numbers has a pride. It was also the mechanical problem is a gentleman. I met here a half-hour ago who's running for Congress and the odds of his prevailing very close to being insurmountable. I did research recently and found out there's a greater turnover in the House of Lords, and there is no House of Representatives. 98.4% of incumbents are Are we electing? Well in the House of Lords, they die faster than that. The notion that the house was about Hall was designed by the Constitution to be representative of the wishes and desires of the people hardly says that function how can the officer that function when it is dominated by a party which is repudiated as emphatically as any parties. I've been repudiated into success of national elections and want to quit suck all of the states voted in a particular way and in the end. That is appropriate. It's going to say that when I saw that this Reagan has won every state except, Minnesota. As I sent him a little note and reminded him of what Raymond moley the political see I had said 1956 when it reported asking how to account for the upset Victory Minnesota during the primary of Estes kefauver over Adlai Stevenson to the pipe out of his mouth and said in his characteristic way. Did you ever try to tell a joke in Minneapolis? I pulled one out that follows right on what mr. Buckley has just said. You have been quoted in the past as saying that since minnesotans elected Hubert Humphrey the public office and followed his policies the people from Minnesota were forever doomed to ignorance. I think the question is do you still feel this way? I don't think I wrote those words out of our phrase that differently. random is there any of the and I was asked about New York house magazines about a piece on you, but I'm free which I did in a timer called his ferocious concern for the common good on any scale. My colleagues has been a man once said that the Eleanor Roosevelt sought to make the entire world her personal slum project. But what I thought was that I was crossing the ocean on a 747 one time a movie was about to be shown and all the sudden the students have it doesn't work. My wife is Tyrese, but if she wanted to see it, so I said to the stools. I have no particular aptitude. But if you give me a screwdriver looking to something obvious is wrong. So I went up in the bowels of that thing was that I Heard a Voice say Bill. You know nothing about these not to just get down here. Let me fix. It was Hubert Humphrey that he He was out there and do not pass me the screwdriver pass through the pass my pass something for a couple of hours and then it was called and I said well that's about you. But I'm going to eat Vick's in just a minute. He was still working on it. When we landed in London and I I mentioned this in the opening of of this essay which in fact was not published because he was very close to the end as I say and it was critical for the reasons that any conservative would be put to go sit in with his recommendations, but I didn't receive a message from his Administrative Assistant after he died that he had read the essay which I sent to him personally and had appreciated it is I knew he would but I think it's also true that he would Humphrey. What wood resists certain things which he adamantly opposed when he was alive. You may remember that he said in 1964 that he would personally I put him exactly is his energy was always Vivid. He would personally eat the Civil Rights bill if it was ever interpreted. I in the way that routine it is interpreted on the but not goes on the name of the episode of action if it was ever used as an instrument to deny somebody his rights because of his color. It would not be the same Civil Rights bill for which he fought so vigorously, so I don't think that you would Humphrey would go to those lengths and what now calls itself a Civil rights. I said to George McGovern as a you know, I sometimes wish that somebody would call for all the Civil Rights bill to start preemptive War. If only to make it possible to say that man voted against the Civil Rights bill this year. It does not have what it if you just called you have to be in favor of it survived in American politics. I don't think he would go along with that and everyone of us knows that Hubert Humphrey was an Ardent the back of Henry Jackson have for whom there is no replacement. The Democratic party is someone who however dedicated he was to State Welfare measures believe that the primary responsibility. The United States was to be armed and to be able to repel aggression actual or potential. Have a couple of Hardball questions for you. The first one is why do some people interpret liberal as something like indecent or obscene? Isn't the opposite of liberal not conservative, but you liberal. Generous decent compassionate as opposed to stingy narrow-minded bigoted. Apollo party supplies who is the final part of the questions. We're not our founding fathers considered liberal. Well the answers, of course. Yes, but also the term was different to used in 1886 of Woodrow Wilson's I wrote his famous book Congressional Gotham in that book is at the history of liberalism is a history of knives efforts to restrain the growth of government. 30 years later Santa Anna was able to write the only thing modern liberals interesting. Liberating is man from his marriage contract. So I can see the term evolutionize we we we read about the conservative independent. And that means a stalinist. So that. Anytime is obviously the victim of an anti culture Asian that gives at this meeting or that any particular item coming out of Moscow 10 years ago. It said that the Kremlin conservatives will clamping down on the right to import individual books. And one of the books of a clamping down on was the conscience of a conservative by Barry Goldwater. This this this suggests the incongruity of the way in which the two terms of use modern liberalism. If you like Eastern Seaboard liberalism as it is more directly referred to by the taxonomists associated with the notion that the state can solve or problems and that the way to confront a problem progressively is to socialize it there's a great deal of them suspicion, especially by the younger generation of that proposition because they have seen that that hasn't happened. In the twenty years during which has over 200 billion dollars has been spent order ending in the twenty years 1 trillion dollars have been spent on State Route. We see that the poverty line is come down but hasn't removed. You see other things happening documented for instance by charles-marie in his book which a truly alarming because they seem to be absolutely on a sailboat by simply. Spending more money, we could eliminate poverty in America formerly by spending 75 billion dollars a year and we could live in ate half of it by spending 25 billion dollars. I just give it away so that nobody would register an income of less than $11,200 but not working is a lot of liberals think about That remedy suffers from excessive facial numbness. It is not something that truly explains for instance the phenomenon of illegitimate increase by 200% during the past them 10 or 12 years does not. It does not explain. What is the preferred about Rogers Star as the disoriented for? Somebody from the Milwaukee Road for Nashville last year that the two families matter by simultaneously in 10 years will have a child in medical school said you would have to answer the welfare worker who wrote this piece would have you would have to put a handcuffs on him to attend the graduation from high school with his own daughter or son. These are very complicated questions. And I think there is a resentment of the kind of spastic approach that liberalism which often is a branch of socialism bring this to it for the inspector to the to be a liberal bias be ungenerous, but liberal used as a form of political designation. Refers to the kind of liberalism the codified on the FDR and reach properties most extravagant highest under LBJ. The second hard ball question and I think in this case you should have the right to decline to answer if you'd like. Says it as a Vietnam veteran. How do I answer the following question to my kids? How can the president of the United States a upon Devers conviction quote? I know of no one more dedicated to his government end of quote when this man was convicted of lying to a Federal grand jury. How do kids assimilate this that's dedication and I think you don't want to answer the how did this is a sign I think of excessive loyalty. I think it would been. All right from this Reagan to say I feel sorry for him. I know I deplore what he did not even call for them said I think the Lord allows the Lord didn't exist 60 years ago and doesn't fight a congressman. I just applies to ex-members. I think it's just said that but you wouldn't have gone to those to those tanks. You may remember the high Truman as president left the White House and went to Kansas City to attend the funeral of bush Pendergast people thought that was very unpresidential Alan. David was boss Pendergast was hardly testimony to American democracy and send some anybody want elections who he doesn't need as as a qualified to When are elections for Pendergast and one of those people have to be hired from a long line? He was fighting and all that. So I am sorry that Miss Regan said that. But to charge somebody. Was a mortal sin for showing excessive? Loyalty in towards somebody who served in World on sitting Lee for 14 years is I think it human-level understandable. What in your opinion? Are the most important goals for the conservative agenda for the next one five and ten years ago is a cost to maintain our sovereignty as a free people Solace public cost to put on a Lexus safety. The people is the supreme law. It is by no means obvious going to happen by which I mean that the offencive powers of the Soviet Union have you some Paulo Heights? The INF was awesome. It Is by no means of predictable, but they won't within the next two or three years I like to reveal an STI capability of their own on which they have been spending 25 billion dollars a year for the last eight years and an effect emerged in a position to intimidate. The West is not at all unlikely that the West Germany will fail to return a social democratic government in 18 in the 1991. In which case we were turning 11 pledged. So that that that I consider the four most challenge of the second challenge of course is to maintain and caused people to trash feed him. I feed him is defined as a number things that we can I do a motivated. Buy our own inclinations. These automatically have necessarily diminish as you multiply laws increase the power of the state. We are riding right now spending 39% of the GNP on government state and local during the second world war. We spent 29% of the GNP so that we are spending more even than we did when engaged in a full-scale war those two would be my primary secular concerns my spiritual concerns or perhaps I wasn't here but I suppose I should mention that the sovereign individual responsibility is to try to end all passage into the next life + 2 + 2 a baby the extent that we can is fallible human beings the dictates of the the Bible next questions in three parts. What is your opinion of Bush's Bush's choice of down Dan Quayle for VP nominee second part. Do you see this is as much a positive or negative factor in the campaign and third who should he have chosen? The answer to the first part of questions. I don't know. I've never seen Mr. Kwaylon action, except when he gave his acceptance speech right after that. I'm going to CVS turn to two experts both of them as it happens friends of mine when they came to Rodger rosenblatt. They said to him. What did you think of the speech was rosenblatt? He said well. All I've heard worse pizzas. I'm trying to think when I agree with him and I was I was I was happy to learn to the speech has been handed to him half an hour before he went to the podium bitten by whoever those people decide to write these things. I have yet to see him in action. He will be in action next Wednesday. Unfortunately, I won't be able to see him because simultaneously I'll be debating with Jean Kirkpatrick and Robert book and Jack camp on my side against Jesse Jackson got a hot. Mr. Mondeo and Patricia. Which won't be home until Saturday, but I think it would be amazing to see how he actually behaves on his feet. So to speak on prompt. Why. Right after this CBS was like hold up to three friends in Washington who? All those are not what I'm looking for Patrick because she had told Express enthusiasm on the camera said it's clear. What do you think and she doesn't who usually that lady? I said how much is it for? I think he's I think he's pissed rate in the subjects in which I have spoken with him over the years and then I called you. I can't and he told me the same thing about the best invention in a debate last spring and on the INF. And then I heard from Ken Adelman who said he's first-rate. I hope he is now if he makes a fool of himself next Wednesday, he will certainly hurt the people are expecting such a terrible performance that it's almost to come up on a front to the people of Indiana who must be worried that somebody should be considered manifest you in a lot of pain since his background was Millie to the one by the heaviest advantage in Indiana history a race for the Senate. Who would I have my name dancers? I don't know there were several qualified people my own personal favorite for ideological reasons would be on the track app. Have time for a couple more. What are the implications of a Jesse Jackson on a possible Duke cabinet? Does he still influence the Duke as his writing of the Democrats platform would suggest that a comment one does not hear anything about this anymore in the final part of the question Jesse as Secretary of State. First of all, let me predict. Mr. Jackson will not sit in the cabinet primarily because he doesn't want to miss the Jackson loses much of his Charisma to the extent that anybody including God tells him what to do that total abandon, which marks is Singulair and for him to accept a cabinet position would be for him for me to accept the obligation of being a spokesman for the president the kind of pressures that he would be in a position to inflict on the present. I'll really would not be perceptible V that this is a caucus wouldn't have to worry about Jacksonville for years and there's no sense in which mr. Jackson's precious. Done at a personal level of particularly effective use affected to the extent they can get a crowd of people roaring and dealing with approval and creating a kind of a felt pressure which politicians are born to be influenced by so that I don't think he will be he will I think be paid much respect by President Dukakis probably in a some sort of a position input to exercise pretty much sovereignty over his own Korea. Can I give you one last question 98% of the City's population votes 47% of their government just email do you feel that these statistics may be related? 47% I'm kind of see what the college would be. I think 51% of our population is female by the I have a I have a feeling that question 6 be very subtle. Oh the point of it is that almost half of the public positions are occupied by women. Therefore it is that explain why Almost 100% of the population vote. I thought you said half of the voters or what percentage of the population I think before one encourage Denny's on the route is based on that one should review figures elsewhere and in some ecosystems if some countries as we know the the boat is compulsory those tend to be conscious. When was 99.8% vote for stalling and it is true that the that we do we send fewer people to the polls and almost anybody a Great Britain has has very very high incidence of photos on the other hand them. The voting was just as heavy before in this is not sure what it is as as it is now, I don't know that there is a genda relationship though. He is in which I suppose in Sweden since you can't turn around without getting some kind of a permit from somebody. Are you one almost has to vote in order to in in order to lubricate 1 South in order to function socially as I said James MacGregor Burns and his last one gives all the countries and what they are. all of our meeting voters and I think probably there somewhere he gives the number of people who occupy public offices of of either sex And my my my final part is that the guy personally think the boat is primarily a negative instrument. It's a I think Truman was right when you said about to throw the Rascals out. He wasn't right. They were Rascals, but he was right in suggesting. This is why you are both always Muse myself in in in Switzerland. Well write my books and I'm there every year by at some point turning nonchalantly to my Swiss companion at lunch and then say Bobby who's the president of Switzerland. Terrible embarrassment and they try to change the subject while they poke the person is I'm finally out of the ideal Society. William F Buckley Jr. Looking away from the lecture now at Northrop Auditorium at the University of Minnesota concluding a question-and-answer session moderated by the dean of the Humphrey Institute of public affairs G Edward. Sure the Barclays title for his comments today Reflections on French intentions that concludes our live coverage operator Allen Strickland. This is Daniel's and return to go to Bob Potter. All right. Thank you Dan that concludes our mid-day broadcast for today. This is Bob Potter speaking want to remind you that you can hear firing line with William F Buckley every Saturday evening from 5 to 5:30 during the first two weeks of October firing line with focus on the presidential campaign strategies to win in the southern part of the United States later in October. You'll hear Tipper Gore wife of Tennessee. Senator Albert talk about dirty Rock lyrics and the panel of experts on an addition of firing line entitled to Central American mess play discussions are always Lively on Firing Line every Saturday afternoon. At 5 following All Things Considered 48° with light rain now in Minneapolis-Saint Paul area 46 degrees in the Saint Cloud the center date. This is ksjn 1330. Minneapolis-Saint. Paul kns are 88.9 FM in Collegeville and St. Cloud. Hi, I'm that friend. And this is take out on this rainy afternoon. We're going to turn our thought processes in on themselves and explore the workings of the mind will meet the creators of the new public television series called the mine and we'll talk with two Twin Cities magicians about mind manipulation. Then we'll explore intelligence in non-human beings with the coordinator of the new exhibit at the science museum robots and Beyond and we'll hear futurist Arthur Hawkins view of the seemingly Limitless possibilities of artificial intelligence the stay with us and get to hear a robot sings Strangers in the Night today on takeout. Everything we do stay feel every human expression originate from the place. We called the mind and that entity that elusive region of Consciousness and thinking is the subject of a new public television series which premieres next Wednesday, October 12th. The series is called of the mind and it's been developed as a sequel to the multi award-winning 1984 series The Brain it's also been developed by the same team that brought us. The brain Richard Hutton is the series Creator and executive editor and George page who is the director of Science and natural history programming for wnet in New York is the on-screen reporter and executive in charge of the series and they're both here in the studio today. Welcome to you both. What is the range of topics that were like to hear about in the series called the mind? Well, we start out with a program called the search for mind up which really is the idea behind the the series. What is the Mind man has been searching for the mine and then trying to Define it for thousands of years. And so that is our opening program. And then we got more specific light rigid. Absolutely we go in the second program really deals with development it deals with the emergence of Mind in babies and and we watch from the fertilization of a single egg up to the development of the brain and the Milestones stones and development of babies the emergence of a sense of self of a moral sense. And then we have shows on Aging addiction pain and healing depression language thinking and a final show called The Violent mind on issues a free will and have the legal system deals with mental illness. Tell me where you were sitting around brainstorming for this series and trying to decide what to include and how to contact it out into separate program. What kind What kind of overall idea and overall guiding concept we using I mean when you talk about this range of subject to addiction and development and aging and all these things. There are probably are other ways. You could have organized the series but you decided on some kind of overall theme some kind of sort of final message that you wanted to get across in all of these programs that comprise the series. How would you characterize what that is? I would say that give you points do the other use color. We always fight I think are over overriding intention was after the brain was to bring the the biology and the physical into into touch with psychology the mental because I think what the real struggle today is when people look at the mine and search for the roots of the mind is to find how what was the way we behave or is reflected in the physical brain and how the the actions in the physical Brainerd are reflected in the way we behave so it was really needing to continue. Certain kind of scheme of Knowledge from the brain series. They just brought you right into this or focused almost exclusively on the physical brain what we now know and don't know about what the brain is in and how it works when we think that it served a purpose very definitely at that time, but we were frustrated because there was so many other aspects of mind if you will be on the physical brain and that's what the series that does it brings these other disciplines and play and I think we got a much greater sense of what the human mind is all about. What in fact it means to be human. I think that's that's right on the button that the brain series had shows on vision and movement learning and memory rhythms and drives really functions of the brain in this series. For instance in the Aging show. We ask questions like is the Aging mind of Purim. Find or are there ways to compensate does wisdom develop and evolve over time. What does someone who has has gone through a normal aging process? What what what compensates for the fact that the obvious deterioration physically of Aging in terms of the Mind happy to report that it is not that it is not necessarily a poor black tell me who do we meet in this series because my senses as with many subjects that it's it's very not easy, but certainly many people can assemble a certain body of information on a topic but even in the documentary you're casting is important the people you going to use who your profile to communicate the information and the feeling. So how did you go about literally casting in a sentence for this kind of documentary series and and who do we end up meeting as we watch? Well, I think that the key to the series is that we decided to let the human stories Drive the song So in the first show when we're talking about the search for mind, we need a conductor and an expert and renaissance music named Clive who because of a viral illness has lost completely lost the ability to lay down new memories and his life is a blinkered existence. I mean, he sees nothing from the past and he cannot see into the future. And so you have this real sense when you watch him and watch the interaction between Clive and his wife Debra of the importance that Consciousness and memory bring to our notion of the human mind in the second show when we were talking about the relationship and that's on development between nature and nurture. We found an extraordinary kid a child prodigy named Christopher who's inventor and he invented on his own a passive way to heat a house in the winter and to cool it in the summer and he explains it right there to us. He said he was six when he did it and that it's it's it's a cynic store. Re-sequence. I just I can't tell you you have to see it. Tell us more about the other characters will meet. What about when you deal with issues of the kinds of extremes in behavior that chemical imbalance is causing brain people dealing with extreme depression ice cream kinds of manic behavior or where are number rum extraordinary characters in the final program of the violent mind which is really a set of of individual stories on individual cases. One of the most memorable certainly is a man named Jay centifonti from Philadelphia who is manic depressive and who in one of his manic States went on to a Subway and a train and shot his wife and I believe her then five other people. Several other people and then who hid out in a church for days and days while the Press was 6 weeks and 6. Exactly and blaring headlines about The Disappearance of of this man. He hid out in the church. And in any case he tells his story and you begin to get a sense of what manic depressive behavior is all about what manic depression is it's a memorable.