This morning speaker. Henry Cisneros has gained National recognition for his energetic leadership of the city of San Antonio for his dedication to technological development as the basis for his City's economic growth many of us remember, so well also that he was very closely considered to be a vice presidential running mate to our own Walter Mondale among the awards that Henry Cisneros has received has been the Harvard alumni award has been this past year the nation's State and cities a magazine put together a team of the finest local officials in America and you'll be pleased to know that a top official from the city of st. Paul's government was chosen for that.Team. It was our treasure. for for mayor however for mayor chosen to be clearly the most superb mayor in America today for this year was chosen of course Henry Cisneros our guests he has Probably the most unique combination of competencies skills and background of any mayor in America indeed more than most public officials in America as the grandson of a great and heroic journalists from Mexico and the son of a colonel in the United States Army Henry Cisneros understands internationalism, as one who has a PhD from George Washington University in MA from Harvard And a ba from Texas a m-- which he serves as a board on the Board of Trustees. He is as comfortable in the halls of Academia as he is in the streets of his own City. Henry Cisneros is truly a gifted person and a gifted mayor but he has honed those gifts in a way that has made those of us, who are Concerned about the future of America's cities convinced that that combination of compassion and hardheadedness that marks a Henry Cisneros career can in fact lead the way for all of the cities of America. Join with me in greeting Henry Cisneros the mayor of San Antonio. Thank you very much. Bear Latimer. Thank you very very much. Very very kind introduction. It's wonderful to see you here in the Twin Cities after having just seen both you and mayor Fraser in San Antonio. We were able to host the annual meeting the Congress of cities of the National League of cities in late November and early December and it was a great pleasure to welcome both the mayors of st. Paul and Minneapolis on that occasion. Mr. Norris longtime friend and a man whom I admire who has had a great impact on my own City and my own state in part through the organization of MCC the micro Electronics Computing and technology corporation that great Consortium response to the Japanese fifth generation computer threat Mr. Carlson who also has made investments in my own Community representatives of Dayton Hudson and Friends one and all distinguished Business Leaders and Civic leaders of this community. It is a treat to be asked to be present for a lot of reasons one of which is when I come this far from home and someone makes an introduction like George disk just did it may sound at least partially believable the people in my own City no better after you've been a mayor for five and a half years. You don't get those kinds of introductions in your own City much less a response from the people who hear them. I was in Santa Fe earlier this summer for a short board meeting of the league of cities and Mary Alice. My wife and I were shopping through some of the little shops there as we went to that 48 hour meeting in Santa Fe, New Mexico, which as you know is a beautiful Community one of my favorite spots really in the country. Lots of Indian works and art earth-tone colors just just beautiful and on that occasion, we came across in a shop a piece of fabric a kind of Indian weave fabric and she said, you know, you don't have a sport coat you might ought to take some of this material and have a sport coat made which I thought was a good idea that don't have one and and and so I've exceeded to the idea talk to the gentleman there in the store and he said sure people do it all the time. We'll get you fitted and in three days, you'll have a sport coat I said that's The problem we're not going to be here for three days were going to be here for about 48 Hours. He said don't worry about it. Just let me cut the material to the size that you need and then you can take it home and have a sport coat made at home. So we did that. I took it to a friend of mine. Mr. Martinez there in San Antonio and he saw the material. He said wonderful. This is really really special. Let's go ahead and have this sport coat prepared for you. So we were fitted and as I started to leave he stopped me and he said by the way, I think we could probably get enough material here for a pair of slacks and that way you wouldn't have just a sport coat you would have a whole suit and it would serve you well to have an entire suit and it would be really special looking kind of suit. It's a great let's go ahead and do it. We were fitted for those and as again as I started to leave he said by the way, I watch you on the cable where they record the council meeting on television every Thursday. And you squirm around an awful lot in your chair during those meetings and chances are the seat of your pants is probably shiny. Why don't you let me make you a second pair of slacks and that way you can interchange the slacks and the whole outfit will last you longer you can get more utility out of it. I said well, okay, let's go ahead and do that. That's fine. I started to leave again. He said oh by the way on the vest would you like one pocket to pocket slanted or straight? I said, I don't know. I don't know anything about the fashion of vests. I'm I you do what you have to do, but I'm stumped. How is it that in Santa Fe? They cut me a piece of material sufficient in size for a sport coat. I come to San Antonio you say you can make a sport coat you offer to make a pair of slacks. Now, you're talking about a second pair of slacks. Then you come up with the idea of a vest. How is it possible said? Well Henry, I don't know how to tell you this but in San Antonio, you're not such a big man. Let me begin if I may very sincerely by complimenting all of you associated with this wonderful metropolitan area. And in using that phrase metropolitan area, I mean all that is associated with both Minneapolis and st. Paul the Twin Cities and the general perception that emanates ripples across the country from this place. There are so many things about this area Minnesota in general that perhaps you do not really dwell on it take for granted, but that is part and parcel of the Minnesota image across the country and I'm not going to spend a lot of time on this but I do want to very sincerely compliment you on a number of things first on a spirit of public service that Americans associate with this state by partisan Progressive leadership in public life. What state with this population has provided over the last 30 years such a string of persons who've served either in the cabinet or as leader National leadership figures in the senate or as presidential candidates or just generally as Progressive public servants as this state Orville Freeman Hubert Humphrey Gene McCarthy Walter Mondale Now Dave durenberger and the service that he's providing to the country not only in this latest intelligence flap, but also in his concerns about intergovernmental relations and I say very sincerely the two Mayors who serve as the mayors of these communities George Latimer and on Frasier are representative of a unique Public Service quality that is at the highest levels of any state in the United States and I compliment you for that. I compliment you for the spirit of consensus building and cooperation which is characterized Minnesota. But particularly the Twin Cities when William Ochi the author of Theory Z who wrote several years ago that best-selling book on how to apply Japanese quality principles to American corporate life wrote his second book a book called The M form Society many of you may be familiar with it when he described some of the fundamental issues that concern our country how it is today that there are few individuals who individually can make things happen, but many persons who individually can keep things from happening and describe the need for cooperation consensus building strategies. He described the best American model in corporate or Civic life for that principle of consensus building to be this metropolitan area the institutional memory as he described it. That you have created here to be sure. There are many communities across this country that I admire. I admire the leadership of States like North Carolina and Massachusetts and more recently, Utah and Arizona that have managed to put together that kind of patient long-term strategy for development. I admire the leadership of cities like San Diego and Dallas which has a long prided itself on a kind of consensus building strategy, but clearly, there's no question that Minneapolis and Minnesota fit in that highest highest category on the complement you on the idealistic qualities of some of your companies. I've mentioned in particular Control Data and Dayton Hudson, and I would be remiss if I didn't Express appreciation for their confidence and contributions to cities all across this country in very unusual ways Control Data opened a plant in the central city of San Antonio and one of the poorest neighborhoods in San Antonio and made it possible. For us to leverage their investment there into a 20 million dollar you dag project which in turn has made possible a hundred million dollars worth of investment on the west side in an industrial park in San Antonio. We will be forever grateful for the jobs that have provided 245 minority jobs out of 250 people in the plant and of those about 45 of them welfare mothers who who walk from a housing project to participate in that in that Enterprise the Dayton Hudson who when they came to San Antonio unlike other companies that just announced that their present held a seminar for an entire two days for its Executives on how to do business in a multicultural Community where the Hispanic Community is as large as it is for two days Executives heard presentations from Educators from civil rights leaders from Community leaders and Dayton Hudson has been the highest quality corporate citizen that anyone could ask for so I compliment you on that Dimension that cut that part of the fabric of this community. That is that is so important. My I was asked this morning to speak first to the high-technology council. And then later today to the Minnesota Meeting. Those are two different groups two different speeches. I apologize for the changes in the program in the hours that had to be made to accommodate my schedule. I apologize for it, but it is a real problem that has developed in in my community related to the problems that confront our state Texas. We are facing a 20 million dollar deficit in the municipal budget. This is a large Municipal Budget on the order of six hundred million dollars both operating budget and capital budget for this year. So that's about a three percent deficit but yet a number of measures will have to be taken before the first of the year. If there are any going to be any adjustments on some Revenue matters, they will have to occur before the first hence this last meeting of the year, which is tomorrow preceded by a Session this afternoon requires that I be back for that the problem stems. I'll say just as an aside from the shortfall and sales taxes because of the problems that confront Texas generally this year and an interesting problem related to a shortfall in revenues to the city from the fact that we own our utility company. We owned by generate electricity from coal and from natural gas with natural gas prices being off as far as they are our gross sales of our utility are dramatically down that's good for the customer, but the city's revenues come in part from a surcharge on the utility bill. It's a 14% addition that is a payment in lieu of taxes since it's a public system and also a rate of return to the public owners of the system. Well that those revenues are off about 12 million dollars are projected to be off about 12 million dollars unless Are made on the revenue side or cuts are made on the expenditure side. We will have a problem over the course of the year. So a work session is scheduled for this evening a formal meeting scheduled for tomorrow. And if it had been anything less important than that, I would not have really insisted on the change of schedule. I apologize for that, but I'm grateful to those of you who have been able to come this morning. As I say it was two different speeches to different groups. And what I've chosen to do this morning is to share with you a kind of combination of concerns really a set of new thoughts. If you will, I'd like to try out some ideas on you and I'd like to and I feel comfortable in doing that knowing how many new ideas have come out of this community over the years. I'd like to talk to you not about technology per se and not about City problems per se but rather about the combination of business and technological concerns and their role in shaping the kind of America that we'd like to see into the next decade and into the next Century the fundamental problems that confront our country which are great and significant where Business and Technology can play some role. I'd like to discuss applications of technology to the challenges of Americans. Side technology as an instrument of America's ideals and progress technology is a means toward the end of those American ideas Equity Justice quality of life upward Mobility for all our citizens and opal open mobile Society lacking rigid classes that would be in a contrast to discussion of technology and technological project progress as for its own ends as an imperative with its own force and directions separate from the fundamental ideals of American society. So in some sense, I'll be playing a kind of Devil's Advocate against the central message that a business group ordinarily here's which is to say that what you are doing for its own sake ought to be supported. I'd like to suggest instead this morning that there are some fundamental American problems which you and other Business Leaders such as L can help address and that unless you do then business in the years ahead is likely to come under increasing fire and and have more and more difficulty in the form of legislation in the form of institutional barriers Etc. There are lots of reasons why it seems to me we need to be attentive to these questions labor is concerned about decreases in jobs certain industries are in Decline basic Industries, and we see the evidence of that all around us minorities are growing as a proportion of the American population government bureaucracies are raising questions of skepticism about the role of business, unfettered institutional gridlock and constraints related to the Congressional funding process a regulatory procedures political Deadlocks and stalemates. All of those will be the shape of the world in which you will work. Unless it is clear in the years ahead that the goals and objectives of business integrate well and serve. Well the larger ideals of American societies. I'd like to share some concerns with you this morning not as a jeremiad nor to point fingers, but just to raise some things to think about. Please listen to them in that context things to think about as business people as we go forward together trying to build a future of this nation some of the central issues in which before the society in which technology and business have a role Perhaps if I were to meet with a hundred of my colleagues like mayor Frazier and mayor Latimer this morning and asked what is the central concern that you have for the future of your city? 90 of the 100 would use the same word jobs and where the prosperity for American society is going to come from in the future questions about jobs in the future. Will there be enough jobs? Well since 1950 when 60% of the American people worked in manufacturing, we have seen such a total transformation in our in our economy that in 1986 less than 20% worked in manufacturing. So there's a fundamental transformation occurring in American Life today. The number of jobs has changed and the quality of those jobs is changing as well since 1980. There was a net loss of some 900,000 production jobs paying an average of $13 an hour. And that same period of time since 1980 we replaced those 900,000 jobs with over 5 million new jobs, but those 5 million new jobs paid an average of between five and seven dollars an hour. So not only are we seeing a transformation in the makeup that is to say what sector they're in but also what they pay real wages and salaries have declined when measured against 1973 figures and the implications for that in terms of the class structure of America are exceedingly serious last year, for example, the top one fifth of Americans those earning more than forty eight thousand dollars got 43 percent of all income the top 1/5 got 43 percent of all income. That's the highest percentage to be in that top one fifth since World War II and the bottom one fifth earning less than 13,000. Hours got four point seven percent of the income and that is the lowest figure in 25 years. So it's clear that there's a spreading in the distribution of income in our country. The effect is to begin to lose a middle class and I submit to you that this is exceedingly serious because it is that kind of Centrist economics as well as Centrist politics has been the glue that has held the country together our politics for all the differences that we may have between the parties and other and regions Etc are essentially Centrist politics. It is manifested itself in a kind of Centrist foreign policy. But the question of what occurs when that glue begins to break down is exceedingly serious. What happens in a society? When that tenant which says sacrifice today so that your children can do better or in a few years. You can do better begins to break down and there is instead in people's mind and attitude that says this is as good as his going to get in fact it may get worse who then is willing to make the sacrifices that are required to finance education to finance social services, or did you simply stay at work in the workplace in order to live for a better day that idea of a better tomorrow with sacrifice and investment today is more fundamental to our way of life and I suspect we may think it's a need is an idea that's easy to ignore but that sense of optimism has always been part of the American idea and if because of this transformation of American economics, we lose that then I think we lose something fundamental to the society. Why is it happening? Well, the transformation from manufacturing is part of it the short investment cycles of business, which you're forced to look at the bottom line in terms of quarters, instead of thinking in terms of modernization of plant for the long run trade deficits and loss of jobs to overseas 1/4 of the cars We Buy in this country now are made overseas 2/3 of the pairs of shoes. You wear are made overseas and virtually every video cassette that is possible to buy and the wave of mergers and Acquisitions Acquisitions, which soaked up capital and make most transactions Capital transactions instead of the actual creation of new jobs. I'm suggesting to you this morning that as business people. You have to be in the Forefront of helping the nation address the question of that four letter word jobs. Now. I know your fundamental obligation needs to be to stockholders and your fundamental obligation needs to be to maintain profitability. But at the same time the country will suffer. If you do not view as one of your priorities at the same level at of those that I've just mentioned the creation of new jobs and that means a mix of strategies. It means focusing on things like small business where 80% of the new jobs in a given Community yearly are created in 1983. When we looked at the the jobs created by all of the Fortune 500 firms. It came to a net new job figure of 0 new jobs after jobs had been From Michigan to Alabama and others from California to Taiwan and some new jobs had been added and many had been terminated. The net figure was 0 in that same year small business in this country created six million new jobs sub Contracting Arrangements purchasing procedures Cooperative efforts by large businesses to set in motion the dynamic of small businesses. All of those must be part of a strategy mayor's such as myself and my colleagues here. Although I can't speak for my colleagues here. We you have here two of the mayor's who I think really have understood and dealt with this question better than most but most of us in this profession are looking for that easy hit the great Toyota plant in the sky the Saturn plant that's going to fall into our backyards. But the truth of the matter is and so we're constantly at this business of economic development through trying to attract it somewhere else. The truth of the matter is that it's much less sexy much less grunt glamorous to work on this business of Small Business Development. I submit to you I don't know a place where it's done where it's been done to the level that you could say. There is the model for how you do it, but I know that someone must be working on that model and when we find it, I think we're it will it is replicable and it can be used across the country and I think that the business communities in cities such as this have an obligation to work in that Arena similarly export development. The job potential in creating exports out of products that today are not being exported is immense again, very few communities have been able to do this successfully when we think in terms of foreign trade and foreign relationship. It usually means being at able to attract a Japanese plant to the community when we think in terms of foreign investment, we think in terms of the role of Scandinavians or Germans or Canadians investing in our community rarely do we think in terms of building the export capabilities of existing businesses within the community who may be producing products, but for lack of integration into that network of international trade themselves are not exporters. I submit to you there are tens of thousands hundreds of thousands of jobs in support of export development and we have a job to do in sharing our resources larger business with smaller businesses in that area. Another element of this job strategy. It seems to me to be a bipartisan commitment both at the national level bipartisanship, but also at state and local levels a bipartisan commitment to growth It's been a word that has that has been rejected by many over the last several years the concept of growth. But every living organism unless there is steady growth there cannot be progress and particularly in an economy there cannot be internal Mobility that allows those who are on the bottom rungs of the ladder to climb unless there is growth the last president who came from my state Lyndon Johnson used to talk in terms of a pie. He said when the size of the pie doesn't change when it is stagnant and I begin to apportion the shares in order to give someone a larger share than they have now. I have to take it from someone else's share when the pie doesn't grow and the result is in that taking is the hostility associated with having to take from someone else's existing. Are as the pie grows it is possible to give everyone more in the process. Let me in statistical terms describe what happens when the pie doesn't grow from 1948 to 1973 in our country. We had an annual growth rate of something approaching 4% about 3.8 percent 1948 to 1973 in that time period poverty decline from 33 percent of the American people living below poverty in 1948 to 22% by 1962 11% by 1973. There were a lot of elements that work. That was the Great Society programs. There was an America that was flexing and growing industrially and there was a constant steady growth a decline in poverty from 33% to 11 percent of the American people by 1973 as we grew at an average growth rate of 4% In the 1980's our national growth slowed to under 2% And the result is that poverty is climbing again from 11% in 1972, 15.3% in 1983 and hanging somewhere around 15% in the years since there must be a national commitment to growth. It takes the form of national economics. It also takes the form of local initiatives on the national scene. We've heard a good deal of last several years about supply-side economics personally. I have no difficulty with a concept of supply-side economics investing on the productive side of the economy instead of just the stimulation of demand, but the production productive side of the economy means a lot more than just cutting red tape. It means a lot more than just cutting taxes. It means investing in education in retraining in research and development and infrastructure in building a system of support which includes Foods state and local government as part of that system. I have no difficulty with the fundamental concept of supply-side economics as a device for creating growth. I think we have not been focusing on all of the productive capabilities of the economy and I believe there needs to be a bipartisan consensus over the next year's on that question. 1988 is going to be a very important year for our country. I might say with respect to some of these issues 1988 is the first time in 20 years that there was no incumbent in the sea and that the presidency was completely open 1968. Actually, it goes back further than that. It goes back to 1960 1968 the year started with President Johnson as an incumbent, but by March he had withdrawn in 1960 is the last time when you find another instance like 1988 will be where there is no incumbent who is seeking re-election and both parties will have a clear shot and in which there is no clear front-runner. The Republicans. It is not clear have a front-runner the Democrats. It is not clear have a front-runner perhaps it was one of those years in which the front roller Runners will emerged based upon their articulation of the issues and their projection of plausible solutions to some of these kinds of questions. I hope it's that kind of year, but it will require some forums and it will require some settings and there's no reason why one of those can't be here in the Twin Cities and Minneapolis to force all of the candidates. Offer up approaches to these kinds of questions in a bipartisan format if necessary. I've mentioned jobs as one of the central issues a second one that I want to draw your attention has to do with the diversity of the American population about six months ago. I was invited to Cal Tech University in California to discuss with them the to respond to a paper that had been prepared by two eminent demographers at Caltech concerning the transformation of the California and soon the national population make up the conclusions of these two demographers. And I thought it was interesting that this wasn't a social studies setting but a hard Sciences institution Caltech that an undertaking this analysis their their analysis suggested the following California a state which in 1940 was 80% quite We'll buy shortly after the year 2000 maybe 2010 have no definable ethnic majority. It will be about 25 percent Hispanic 25% black 25 percent Asian and 25% white now the implications for governance in such a setting our immense the forming of new coalition's how is it that one prevents legislative and societal gridlock in such a circumstance immensely important questions and I was I was impressed and moved by the spirit of California in beginning to address this kind of question my own state of Texas. We think of Texas as the land of wide open spaces and Ranch Land attitudes in truth, Texas today about 35 percent minority equally about Black and Hispanic in that 35% I serve on the Board of Regents at Texas A&M University. Our minority enrollment at that institution is about 8% far off far far off of what the population makeup is in the state. I've said to that board of regions on occasion gentlemen. The issue is not what we do for those people the issue is not whether we ought to put scholarship programs in and do Outreach of outstanding students and bring them in here and attract minority faculty because we want to do acts of Charity or Goodwill. That's not the question. The question is, how do we serve the future of Texas? What kind of Texas are we going to have in the year 2000 which is 14 years from now or 20 10, which is 24 years from now not that long ago. What kind of textures are we going to not that long from now? And if you think of it in terms of of the past 14 years would put you about 1972 or 1973. If you can remember what you were doing in nineteen seventy two or three that will be about the distance to the year 2000. What kind of Texas are we going to have when a large proportion of the population is illiterate when we continue to have large numbers of persons under employed when the political system begins to represent their hostility. When sitting as the chairman of an appropriate Appropriations Committee in the Texas legislature is a Hispanic or black legislator who says what did you do for the people of Deep South Texas who come from the counties that are among the poorest in America when you had the opportunity back in the 1980s, the issue is not what do we do for those people? But it's what we do to our mandate in our mission in the state and I might extend that today to say the country at Large. One of the interesting things about Minneapolis Saint Paul is the homogeneity of population. I've always been impressed with that fact, the numbers of minorities are relatively small but recognizing the role of leadership that has always come from this community in 1949 when then-mayor Humphrey stood before the Democratic National Convention and called for civil rights concerns out of out of this area. That kind of leadership is needed again a leadership that acknowledges even though it is no longer as fashionable or Chic it might have been several years ago to address minority concerns that acknowledges the issue is not what we do for those people. The issue is what do we do for America as we see this diversity of change affirmative action investment in education investment in literacy investment in keeping young people in schools. Those are strategies, which National Business Leaders must be concerned about for the good of the country. And and they are right at the heart of what business must regard as one of its priorities. a third question relationship of Business and Technology to problems of the country the third world and particularly the Nations that lie to the South For the better part of the last 200 years our nation has regarded its principal foreign policy obligations as those related to the Atlantic Alliance and that's appropriate the origins of our nation on the East Coast the great power centers that range from New York to Philadelphia to Washington DC all with an orientation toward Europe. We fought two world wars in this Century to safeguard European Democracies. We have created a system of Defense called NATO rebuilt European cities after the war with the Marshall Plan and that is all appropriate. It is in the traditions and Geographic orientation of the power centers of this nation that for 200 years. That should be so The last 50 years or so we begin to give more time and attention to the problems of the Pacific Rim. And again, it's understandable with the geopolitical importance of such names as China, Japan Korea. The Philippines Vietnam Hong Kong Singapore that they would play a large role in our nation's policy concerns of the last 50 years. but throughout that entire period We have never really given our best thought our best diplomacy our best thinking to the problems of the Nations that lie to the South not Nations across oceans, but that are part of the same landmass not nations in different time zones, but so close. In fact that people walk from there. Nations that say share the same judeo Christian ethic and in many instances were part of our national history where I live It was first and Indian Community more in common with the Indian nations of mesoamerica. And then later a Spanish settlement part of New Spain. So there's a joint history President. Reagan is fond of saying that there are parts of Texas closer to Central America than they are to Washington or New York and it is true. I had the opportunity to serve on the so-called Kissinger commission and one of the things that was clear to me from that service was at the problems of the region Central America in particular, but one could say by extension both Mexico to the north and Latin America to the South The problems of the region are serious. They are Timely. And that this generation of Americans must address them. I came away with a distinction present that as serious as the problems are they are still resolvable the problems of Nicaragua or El Salvador are not as naughty and irresolvable as the problems of the Middle East they are not they have the they can still be fixed in our times but left to another generation. They will be the inheritance that is Bloodshed Revolution hunger massive immigrations. Repression and will be every bit as unsolvable entire Bible or not as that which we confront in the Middle East today. There is time. But one of the things that also struck me during that meeting was that the response must be more than simply the kind of response. We've seen to date couching it in east west and militaristic terms. There are dimensions to the issue that require a commitment to democracy. First of all, let me just say as an aside that of all the things that one could stand for throughout the world as an overarching theme for guiding our policies particularly in Central America. It seems to me the simple word democracy means something we take the concept for granted almost trite the way we cited as a response. But there it means something to say one stands for democracy in Guatemala over the last several years means to stand for something other than an oppressive government to say one stands for democracy and Nicaragua for example means to say one stands for a concept of freedom of press and freedom of exercise of religion and labor union Freedom that is different than what The say one stands for democracy in El Salvador has to stand for something as against the views of several parties. We can always do best when we articulate a stance that is consistent with our concept of democracy. But another dimension of it needs to be developmental because the problems that confront the region are problems. Of human suffering of hunger of class structures and of of such problems as infant mortality and illiteracy now in speaking developmentally about that part of the world including Mexico and I'll say a word about that in a moment in speaking developmentally about that part of the world one has a tendency immediately to think in terms of the agency for International Development. Let's build some dams. Let's do some massive irrigation projects or some Pan-American Highway equivalents. I think in some sense the Cubans and the Soviets have understood at a different level than we have what development in that part of the world and presumably in many other parts of the developing world must mean it doesn't mean just these massive megastructures. It means people programs at a level that touch human beings what you might call an appropriate scale. I've seen too many instances. What seems to be the sad experience of two ships passing each other in the night and not even knowing that they're passing really America's intentions are good and our hopes and dreams for that region are consistent with our own Visions, but the scale is wrong. It's almost as if the century is wrong the technology of our own nation is so much farther advanced in terms of both scale and Pace that it doesn't fit the problems of that part of the world where the Soviets have made the kind of impact that they have and where the Cubans have been so effective for example in Nicaragua is working on things like Village programs to educate and to make people literate infant mortality rates that are down because they send doctors and nurses to live at that level. Very important problems for the people of the region now the question how does business relate to this? Well our first Temptation I think and thinking developmentally about that part of the world is to think in terms of imposing our own level of Technology on their problems. It won't work it won't do If indeed we are going to play a part the kind of part which I believe we can and must play in that part of the world. Then we have to we have to adapt to a more appropriate level of Technology there. That's not to say that the kinds of things that are done at controlled data or cray or Honeywell or other Minneapolis area companies aren't needed at a level they are but it also means that we have the danger of pulling so far out in time away from the rest of the world. The Japanese have the same difficulty and perhaps all of Europe so far out in front of the rest of the world that we lose it at the level of the village. We lose it at the level of the of the people one of the great challenges. It seems to me before America and before American Business is to Define exactly. What our role is going to be in the 1990s and Beyond the year 2000 in places like the ones that I've just described it's not going to be just selling technology. It's not going to be just imposing our system of societal structure on those places. It's going to have to we're going to have to come to some national consensus on these issues. Choose and it seems to me that that right now our most effective Outreach and that part of the world in these parts of the world are most effective Outreach is what is being done through churches and what is being done in more people-to-people levels programs, like for example, what the Peace Corps used to be to the extent that business can play a role in that process. I think it is very important when one may take comfort for a moment in putting a figurative fence along the border which takes the form of employer sanctions and say, ah, we've solved the problem of unemployment in our country at least for the moment with this it is not a solution until we have fundamentally dealt with the reality that we have two Nations one of them exceedingly poor almost bankrupt and the other the most powerful economy in the world and that of a human being has children who are hungry on one side of the Border he or she will walk across the Arizona desert as they do every night. In order to get a job to be able to send money home to feed children so that until we are investing in Mexico. So that jobs can be created there instead of sending people here until we are as a nation coming to some bi-lateral understanding with Mexico, which we've not had before now the immigration bill was basically unilateral us acting on our side until we've come to some sort of bilateral Notions about investment there about they're changing their ownership rules. So that American companies can successfully invest their without being subject to undo controls. Persuading our friends in the agricultural Industries and in labor to allow products to enter the United States. I tell my friends in labor. You can't have it both ways. You can't keep their products out and not expect the people to come you're going to get one of the other you either going to get their products and then they go They're going to employ people or you're going to get the people walking across on foot. It's not possible to ask people to go home. These are critical questions. And I know that American business has a role to play. I'm serving at the moment on a Ford Foundation task force, which has been organized to look at the future of u.s. Mexico relations. Again, 1988 a decisive year 1988 at decisive year because For the First Time in many many generations both the president of Mexico and the president of the United States will be new persons president de la Madrid ends his six-year term in 1988 President Reagan, of course cannot serve again in 1988 and we will have a new president. It is an opportunity for the communities in both Nations and the business communities in both Nations to begin to decide what we want the future relations to be and begin to shape them so that when those two new presidents take take office this question of the Nations that lie to our South A set of fundamental questions for our nation to be addressed. Well, I've talked too far longer than I should have and I wondered far from the kind of address. I suppose you expect it to hear but in the final analysis, I believe the subjects that I have laid before you the question of jobs and equity in our society question of the diversity of population in the American future the question of our relations particularly with those Nations that light of the South our business concerns and what better place to put these difficult questions on the table than in this most enlightened business community that one can find anywhere in our country. I admire you respect you always personally think immediately positive and Progressive thoughts when I think of Minnesota and in particularly the business community of this region Let me close my remarks do with a favorite quotation, which is not a not a frequently quoted in the two Mayors have heard me use it before but to me it represents more like a represents more a philosophy of life than just a quotation. It comes from a book of the speeches of Senator Robert Kennedy and one of those speeches. He said it is he said the future may be beyond our vision, but it is not completely beyond our control. He said there is it is the shaping impulse of America. That it is not fate. Nor is it chance nor is it the irreversible tides of history that determine our Destinies as individuals or as a nation rather it is reason and that is principal. And is the work of our own hands? He went on to say there is pride in that even arrogance. But there's also truth and experience and in any event it is the only way we can live. It is the only way we can live it's not fate or chance or random toss of the dice or a history. That's already been written Americans don't believe that never have and hopefully never will it is reason what we know principal strength of our characters the guidance of our creator and in the final analysis the work of our own hands, you've done a wonderful job in this community in this state following that General set of principles. Let us hope that as you wrestle with some of these questions your example and your leadership will continue to Ripple out across our country. Thank you very much.