Father Bob drinan was a colleague of mine for free. Eight years and I knew him as before. I came to Congress. He was Dean of the Boston College of Law, and that's sort of the way I knew them. But then when he became a member of Congress, I got to know him a lot better. And he exhibited a number of characteristics which were not those that I associated with law Dean's. I say that partly because I grew up in a family with one. So in looking over his biography what one discovers is it he is prolific in his writings and his honorary degrees in his associations. I'd like to mention just a couple of them. He has been chairman of the Americans for Democratic action and but more relevant to tonight's topic is Chairman of the standing committee on world order under law the American Bar Association has been serving in that capacity since 1982 and he has a related role of as council member of the section on individual rights and responsibilities American Bar Association, and that's been since 1981. He is currently a professor of law at Georgetown University Law Center and teaches among other subjects international human rights. What I thought I might observe is how nice it would be to have a person with the qualities and talent and understanding of a bob drinan is president of the United States. This isn't a formal nomination Bob. I'm just I want to make the observation of what a contrast. It might be one can kind of imagine having a president the United States who got on television and began talking thoughtfully about I can say about anything but I mean thoughtfully about the rule of law about the problems of terrorism about how we need to build Bridges. We need to strengthen International institutions. And we need to continue as we once were the foremost advocate of the rule of law in the management of the Affairs of this planet. And that's the kind of thing that Bob would do with eloquence and with clarity. well What the most impressive thing about Bob drinan, is it he combines passion with a Scholars penchant for accuracy? Those are that's a rare combination and that's one reason that I know you're going to enjoy listening to him tonight. So I'd like to present to you at this time father Bob drinan. Thank you very much. John and my dear friends. Mrs. Louise party. Mr. Tom Acheson, Nancy Welch and Susan Kenedy have brought you all together and I am honored to be here. Well, mr. Mayor. I want to tell you a little story how I was here involuntarily in the recent past in your beautiful city and back in the effete East it was snowing and raining and the plane from Seattle going to Washington couldn't land there So eventually after much delay, it was decided we're going to land and sleep in the Twin Cities one night So eventually at 2 a.m. They got us into a motel Somewhere Out near your airport and I thought I ought to thank God for all the misery that he has sent to me. So I picked up the Gideon Bible which is in every hotel room of the world and they tell you in the beginning what to read if you are tired or afraid all only and mr. Mayor. I was lonely in Minneapolis at night. I'm sorry about that and that I read this on that you read when you're lonely and I turned it over and finish. It was a beautiful prayer and then written in very carefully after. This time with these whereas if you are still only called 2274879. And so help me Reverend no less from Minnesota years ago told me a little story that goes this way that it seems that Adam and Eve were having some marital difficulties even before they were driven out of paradise little bit of heresy here in any event. Adam was getting home late every night and that Eve would say well, where have you been and he said I just been out tilling the soil and cultivating the flowers and finally one night after this has been going on for some time. She was very aggravated and she said Adam, I don't believe you you've been out with another woman and I'm sad now calm down Eve only two of us are here in Paradise has nobody else out there, but she wasn't going to accept this explanation. So he ate his cold supper and went off to bed early and at 3:00 a.m. He walked out he came awake and that Eve was touching his side and Adam said to Eve, what are you doing? And she says I'm counting your ribs. I'm always honored to be associated with the world Federalist and that I have looked back. I look back on the extraordinary work and I recall a beautiful night in Boston when I was honored to be with them on the 25th occasion of that particular organization. I always wanted to be Associated also with the United Nations Association and just last year in New York. They had a thinking of Scholars and jurists with respect to the 40th anniversary of the United Nations. And as you know too well, there are some people who are less enthusiastic about the United Nations and they should be and there are some people yes who I'm afraid out to destroy it and that who was the star of that long two-day seminar. It was Elliot Richardson the president of your distinguished organization and it was Elliot Richardson the liberal Republican who was defending the United Nations and showing all of the great potential against all of these people some of whom Who should have known better but they are the shall. We say the neoconservatives sometimes I thought during those two days. They were the Neo Anika's but I'm very pleased also to be here with the Benjamin really of the peace group The Lawyers Alliance for nuclear arms control. This is an extraordinary group and I commend all the lawyers who are here all the lawyers who are structured this program and the 250 people who are attorneys in these this great Community because they are moral architects in ways that I think that we can only imagine now, but as one of the founders of lansac I take pleasure in the fact that we have thousands of lawyers now all over the country in dozens of chapters doing precisely what you are doing tonight saying we are going to work in all of the ways that are available to us because of our professional training and our skills and you have a unique opportunity in the Twin Cities, you have 75 or more peace and Justice groups in this community. You're almost as subversive his Boston. Annette I I commend you we come together my dear friends at a very very dark moment in the history of Arms Control we come together just shortly after our nation has missed a supreme opportunity to do something very Monumental. And as you know, President Reagan did not take up the proposed moratorium on nuclear testing the mr. Gorbachev had and last year on Hiroshima day very dramatically. Mr. Gorbachev said that I will suspend testing until March 31st. So long as the other side and I will continue the suspension so long as the other side. Does that Supreme opportunity that moment in a lifetime when we could have closed that Gap and stopped underground testing for all time has been lost we come together in a moment. Also when now for the first time mankind this year will spend 900 billion dollars that's going up almost a three billion dollars a day on arms and armaments and we come forward at a time to when this nation has gone into this Folly and This experiment of Star Wars and even our best friends in Congress say I'm going to vote for the RNG of it, but there will decide about the deployment when that comes but nonetheless my dear friends. I have a lot of Hope and this may seem like the darkest moment. But as you're going to see in a moment, I think that we may be on the brink of something very very important after the 40 Years of the dark night since the day bombing in Hiroshima. Let me talk to you briefly about three points about the history of the 40 years that many of us have journey together in an adult lifetime. Secondly The Awakening that is all around us in so many groups religion and law and Science and the even the young people and third and most important. What can we do? What can Lanark do what your the world Federalist do and what can the UN a do I spent Hiroshima day in Seattle last year? And I was extraordinarily move because there's a significant Japanese Community there and they know from firsthand what it meant to their country to have the one nuclear weapon ever detonated happened in that particular blessed land. We look back and I keep asking myself the question was it necessary and I go to the textbooks that young children read and apparently they are reading in America that yes, this was necessary because somehow it saved a lot of American lives. I think that that if that is true and that's doubtful that's utilitarian logic and morality. That's not my morality and I am inclined more and more down. My dear friends to say we are not going to see the Hideous things that we're doing by threatening and intimidating the world until we go back and say that Hiroshima and Nagasaki were wrong in a moral and sinful and so President Truman gets a good presses former presidents go but I think that we ought to be very candid and say it was this Democrat from Missouri that created the problem it is he that presided from 1945 to 1950 to he is the one that went forward with the bomb and use the bomb on two occasions. He's the one that allowed the Triad to come into existence and event to the hydrogen bomb and he is the one that started the whole policy of containment and that when we look back we should say that perhaps we should re-examine very very fundamentally what happened in those very early days recently. I spent a whole day with Japanese lawyers in New York City. These were people who had been scarred and disfigured at Hiroshima and Nagasaki and they have spent their entire lifetime going around the world preaching. Peace. And I must say it was a very moving and stunning experience for me. I had never realized that these lawyers had been talking. All of these years and lo they came to talk to lawyers in New York with the hope that finally the 600,000 lawyers in America would move for the rule of law and say that the very very purpose of nuclear warfare the very possibility of using one of these PSA violates international law at least one court has held that a court in Japan and this organization in New York of lawyers is trying to move to popularize and to make accepted that particular proposition. It seems to me that when we look back we have to say at least a Tango Sachi was unjustifiable in this city. There was undefended that had virtually no military installations. Why should we three days or few days after Hiroshima bomb Nagasaki? We had at that time never heard of nuclear winter and when I read and more and more about nuclear winter, which was recently discovered some three years ago, I think back the during all of this period of 40 Years of the nuclear medicine. We had not even known of Newt the nuclear winter and we're planning to do things when we have no idea of the consequences that might fall because we use these nuclear weapons. And now we look with shame on our country that we have in our possession 30,000 nuclear weapons virtually. All of them are a hundred times more powerful than the weapon the one weapon that we dropped at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. I know that you have seen films but if you about this the nuclear Menace, but if you want to have an effective program show films I show them to sophisticated seniors at Georgetown law school and that these people who are virtually lawyers are stunned by what they see in a 30 minute film. It makes it graphic as to what we're planning when we say that we will carry out massive retaliation. We look back and we have to wonder once again about the u.s. Culpability. We don't know much about the Baruch plan, but I think the history might judge that it was the United States as Maybe. The other side that allowed the one plan to put all of the fissionable material in an international Vault that that path failed. We look back at the build up all through the 50s and into the 60s the the creation of the NATO and then the Warsaw Pact. Why do we need to Triad? Why did we have to multiply them historically it was because we have three divisions of the military. We look back at the hatred and the virulence and really the fanaticism and whenever people say that we have to contain Communism. I always wondered is that mean that we are defending capitalism. I'm certain that President Eisenhower knew that something had gone wrong on his watch when he gave in that famous farewell address those words that we have all almost memorized about the dangers of the industrial military complex when we look back it is incredible to me that a good Christian man. Like John Foster Dulles should have even thought of the term massive retaliation. We move into the 60s and you see people Like Robert McNamara who recognize that we have done something Dreadful and moving on WE recognize that we moved the the missiles and dr. Kissinger openly concedes that that was a mistake because the other side also moved my dear friends. I come to remind us that we had we the people had two significant victories and that I think that we should Rejoice on them and when we get discouraged go back and recognize that in the nuclear Test Ban Treaty and in phasing out the ABM, we the people had a great Victory some people in this room may remember how mothers demonstrated all around the White House and 61 and 62 and finally because of worldwide pressure. It was President Kennedy who went forward with the other side and band all nuclear testing. Unfortunately that was an incomplete agreement and that it was an impassable of a hominid on-site inspections. We would need and unfortunately due to the false testimony of dr. Edward Teller President Kennedy back. Do a and both sides continued underground testing every president since that time, except. Mr. Reagan has wanted to go back to that treaty and phase out all underground testing. We had a great Triumph there and it wasn't the Congress that moved it was in the white house. He was people like yourself in this country and all over the world. We had a second Victory. Also when we came into the question of the ABM Treaty I recall in Andover, Massachusetts. They had a New England town meeting as to whether or not the anti-ballistic missile should be placed in that community and they when they recognize what it was they in essence said, we're not going to allow that in Massachusetts and all over the country. They said we are not going to have this defense of the land-based icbms and our community and the Congress took the queue and said we're not going to fund this is so controversial and mr. Nixon deserves credit for going to the other side and getting the first moment of rationality in salt 1 namely a commitment on both. Sides that neither of us is so irrational that we would attack the land-based missiles of the other side and salt one was the beginning of that long salt process which now unfortunately is suspended. Let me tell you going back to the nuclear Test Ban Treaty how we failed as I mentioned earlier failed. So miserably in the recent past in September 1984 a Republican Senate urge The Test Ban Treaty be finalized and that we ban all testing on February 26 of this year the house 286 to 146 said the same thing in house resolution 3 to President Reagan and despite the fact that the both houses by overwhelming votes have mandated the president to go followed with the other side and finalize the negotiations and ban all testing. He did not do that. One of the major reasons is of course is that he wants Star Wars and there's a nuclear component in the in the Star Wars. We have a new opportunity and I may come back to that in the simultaneous nuclear Test Ban Treaty HR 3 4 4 to subscribe to endorse by maybe a hundred members of the house. This would say the Congress is taking back all funding for testing under the ground Reagan wants to go forward with testing. He can't do that unless this funds for and the Congress has the power under the Constitution to stop all testing and I would like to see wonderful peace movements like you move forward on this great Crusade and say we are going to get that through if Reagan vetoes it will build and build until we get two-thirds of both houses to override that veto. That would be one very affirmative positive Progressive step to finalizing the to stop all testing and that would mean that we couldn't obviously build more because we could not test them. Let me Let me go back and dwell just a moment on those two great victories the nuclear test ban and salt 100 the ABM Treaty. The ABM Treaty was overwhelmingly ratified by the Senate. It came into existence and it meant that at least one area of land-based icbms. We are going to observe some form of rationality and responsibility that was lasting that was progressing into salt to when Afghanistan happened and that I'm afraid that mr. Reagan in my judgment probably overreacted he withdrew so all to and he did not urges ratification and around that time all types of very strange vibrations happened in the country. Some people suddenly discovered the window of vulnerability, which I was never able to define or parse all of a sudden we needed the MX with although we had no basing modes even President Carter one of the little trolleys in their cages and that Had the committee on the present danger and it was in that atmosphere that President Reagan came to the White House. Mr. Reagan at all times under all circumstances has always been opposed to any form of nuclear arms control. He was opposed to The Test Ban Treaty that I just described he opposed salt 1 and the ABM Treaty and he said regularly during the campaign that salt's who was fatally flawed. So he came into his presidency and there was this massive buildup. The nuclear freeze was mounted at passed the house and failed in the Senate and the Europeans were very very distressed despite all of that. The Persians were deployed the defense budget almost doubled in five years and the Congress caved in on the MX. They gave orangey for Star Wars and they even finalized some funding for chemical and biological warfare which mr. Nixon collapse or cease to fund way back in 1969. If sometimes you say well, can we Ever achieve anything let me go back to one legal Arrangement that has worked in our in our world namely the arrangement in Geneva in 1925 banning all biological and chemical warfare that was used in World War One many people were asphyxiated the world was horrified and we Bandit by treaties and so that in World War II there was no biological and chemical warfare used that moratorium has been utilized or respected until the recent past. When possibly I say possibly in Southeast Asia. It may be the nerve gas was used. We have new initiatives now and we come to my reasons for hope we had four distinguished people George Kennan Gerald Smith, Robert McNamara and McGeorge Bundy, right two or three years ago in a famous article in foreign affairs that the United States should rounds renounce the first use of nuclear weapons that had never been proposed by people as eminent as this that goes against the policy going back to the 50s. In the 50s both we and our conventional Partners in the Congress or in our allies in Europe that we've said that the nuclear umbrella is a nice Lazy Man's way of doing it. We cut back on conventional forces and that we relied upon the nuclear umbrella and I recall you are distinguished Congressman Fraser when he was a very important influential figure on the Foreign Affairs committee always stressed the necessity of Shoring up our Conventional Weapons in order to for finding a nuclear war and also with the possibility that maybe we could renounce the nuclear Shield that of course hasn't gone through but they were other people in this country Awakening aside from the people like mr. McNamara who help to structure this massive retaliation Theory. I was very proud as a Catholic of the Awakening of the Catholic Bishops. I recalled in 1981. They appointed a committee there was controversy in the church and suddenly this committee turned up with a nuanced. Educated statement echoing what Vatican II had said under no circumstances made the nuclear weapon ever be used offensively or defensively but then you know the follow-on to that the disappointed millions of people namely the Catholic Bishops said that we cannot in any way condone the use of these weapons, but we cannot now condemned the possession of them for the purpose of deterrence if however there is no attempt to phase out these weapons. We will in the future have to unconditionally condemn them that was not entirely satisfactory too many of the millions and the Catholic church and around the world a new committee has been appointed to see if they can finalize or determine more precisely what the obligation of all of us is when we threaten and intimidate the other side for the purpose of deterrence. There is a great for men in the Catholic church about whether or not the just War. He has any validity now. I tend to agree with John XXIII who said on Easter Sunday in 1963 and Patch him and Terry's it is impossible to think of any Modern War which could be justified at that time the Bishops endorse all to Cardinal cruel a conservative individual testified that that was a rational approach to it. I was very very pleased with the statement of the Methodist Bishop yesterday it directly contradicts what the Catholics has said and as you know, the method is said that not merely is the use forbidden but the possession of nuclear weapons is forbidden and that no valid moral reason may be may be legitimated for their use and that follows because obviously to any religious person you may not threaten to do that which merrily you may not do there are very very hard questions, of course for all of us ahead. But particularly for the Catholic Bishops who are seeking to find out what is the real Christian moral approach to this. They must recognize that we manufacture three more nuclear weapons each day 1300 every year. They must recognize that there are no negotiations going on with the other side of any consequence and as a result will the Catholic Bishops in a year or so say that the conditions for our tolerating the existence of these weapons and their possession for the purpose of deterrence is gone away. I was very very pleased when the National Council of churches two years ago spontaneously without being asked came forward and accept it and recommended with enthusiasm the result in the reasoning of the Catholic Bishops. This means that now you have 52 million Roman Catholics 70 million Mainline Protestants Under the Umbrella of the National Council of churches and all of the Jewish groups who are saying unanimously our nation's foreign policy is basically immoral because we cannot morally use Nuclear weapons there for me me not ethically rely upon them for the defense of our nation. So I like to think my I like to think my dear friends that this is a new universe and in the last five or eight years. We have all types of moral forces moving. We have all witnessed the rise of the Physicians for social responsibility comparable groups for educators and nurses and scientists. I saw the other day a new organization form called dances for disarmament. I'm hoping that Ronnie Reagan son made join up. This is an amazing array of groups ten years ago. We never would have predicted that this would be so how is this that the Awakening came out for a religious person? We you might say it was the Holy Spirit breathing on us. We know that in our own personal lives. We have moments of great Enlightenment illumination, when suddenly we come to the conviction that we were wrong on certain things or the humiliating thought in our Wills that how could I have possibly ever done that we come to a new level of acceptance? Of a moral point of view and that's what the country has done in the last five years and I'm particularly proud that all these conservative lawyers. Yes. They too have a conscience and lawyers for the lawyers Alliance for nuclear arms control came from Humble Origins. And now I am honored to speak to groups in the Twin Cities of lawyers. As I have been honored to speak to lawyers like them in Rochester New York and in Los Angeles and Boston and New York. And of course in Washington, this is a group with immense potential because when the American Bar Association or a conservative group of establishment lawyers come forward with a proposition that we ought to Steet cease all testing and I am certain that senators and other people say these are not The Fringe groups. These are not the pinkos of the fries. Nick's of the Liberals of the Democrats. These are conservative lawyers. And that's why I'm delighted at this marriage this happier life. And between the world Federalist and the UN a and lenok so let me speak briefly. If I may about the role of lawyers. It's only accidentally different from the role of the world Federalist and from the UN a and from all the other piece groups, but they do have a particular skill of analyzing in mediating and negotiating a representing this to the group. I am proud that the lenok the lawyers Alliance for nuclear arms control puts out. Very lunar documents like this a legal analysis of the anti-ballistic missile treaty. It's put out by the president of lansac very difficult reading. I tried to read it coming out here in the flight and like all lawyers. I think he wants to hide the truth from us, but but these are the Visa are very very difficult Concepts. He goes back to the original treaty and his thesis is that the ABM Treaty does in fact is in fact violated by Star Wars because the ABM Treaty said that we are not going to have a coverage on out in any Jason outer space which in essence can shoot down the incoming land-based missiles. So the lawyers it seems to me have an enormous problem an enormous task before them and I'm happy that the American Bar Association three years ago adopted go late. They have seven pre-existing goals and goal date says that the 600,000 lawyers in the country will extend the rule of law all around the country and groups such as the Massachusetts Bar Association regularly bring resolutions for the house of delegates of the ABA to ratify recently through the use of my committee. The American Bar Association came out for the cgb the comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and we hope that we will have some heavy from the ABA testifying very shortly with respect to that bill that I mentioned. They also have ratified or adopted at the highest level of the ABA statements on non-proliferation statements against genocide and Help to have that approved a ratified. They condemned apartheid in Latin in South Africa. I don't say that the American Bar Association is becoming a nice nice liberal organization, but that they are moving because people like you speak to lawyers and the lawyers speak about peace and the lawyers more and more say that our role is to be Meryl Architects and to be people in the community who will go to the major moral problems of our country and of the world does the SDI does the Star Wars violate the anti-ballistic missile? Let me talk about two or three specialized points where I think that all of you should be very active and I think that one of the key questions coming up both legally and nationally and for all of us is this whole question of can we go forward legally with the SDI or Star Wars as I mentioned the ABM was ratified overwhelmingly by the senate in 1972. And I said that we shall not put any shield in the atmosphere or over our cities so that we could shoot down incoming missiles from the other side. This was a way of stopping the madness. That was escalating. It is a way that has worked. It is a treaty that has been complied with totally on both sides the S the salt one created the standing consultative Commission in Vienna where the both superpowers can go and negotiate about any possible misinterpretations or different interpretations of the treaty in any event when Star Wars was conceived by mr. Regan almost all by himself. He was very clear immediately to the arms control community that this was going against the spirit. If not the letter of the ABM Treaty and Ambassador Jerrod Smith, the number one negotiator of salt to now the president of the AMA Control Association put out a Luna documents say that clearly we can't go forward with Star Wars unless we abrogate the ABM Treaty. Judge, Sophia who is now the legal adviser to the state department is in the process of writing a sophisticated article for the Harvard Law review seeking to demolish. What Ambassador Smith The Negotiator has said and Jed Sophia will say on behalf of the Reagan Administration that there is no violation of the ABM Treaty going forward with SDI. I hope that all of you and particularly the lawyers here will say that is not so and I am going to make myself an expert on this rather Arcane and esoteric subject. If we don't what will they do? They'll just have a blitzkrieg of untruth and misinformation and disinformation and they'll convince the people that Star Wars is all right. The honest thing to do for them would be to repeal the ABM Treaty and they're not going to do that because they would run into all types of storms from the world community in from our lives and from peace and Justice people like yourself all over the country. We know that STI is not going to work. It will escalate the arms race that is a very bad idea and that even if by some genius or some scientific Miracle, it did work. Nonetheless. It's not going to touch is unable to touch the cruise missiles that come in under the radar. They can be shot from submarines or from the air by the Soviet Union. Let me come to a second point on which all of us should work and I mentioned it already that we simply have to stop testing the government keeps saying that well, we have to be certain of all of these stockpile weapons that they're still in good order and furthermore they say and frankly there might be a bit of Truth in this that they say we want to move away from the multi multi-headed missiles to Midget Man and we want to miniaturize all of these things other if we have to use them we will minimize the damage they say furthermore and they openly have to admit this that the development of the x-ray laser for Star Wars require requires. Testing since Star Wars has to be fueled by a nuclear explosion. The case against testing it seems to me is overwhelming and as I mentioned every president since Eisenhower has advanced this idea. If we didn't test that certainly would stop the build-up the Soviets have repeatedly said that they would allow on-site inspections, even though they're not needed because by seismic devices we can know whether they are testing a not a moratorium would encourage France and China to stop testing and if the superpower stop testing and France and China would get all types of very bad Global reaction. If they continue to test they don't test in the atmosphere. Now, even China finally has stopped that and that I would think that the Congress should come forward with that. I bill I mentioned and that bill if it were passed would say that none of the weapons that we have now or will build in the future may be tested and I would hope that this new bill a bill against testing would be a rallying ground for all. Of it is specific. It's definite. It's been filed. It has some 70 or more co-sponsors. Somebody will file it in the Senate. Obviously. The administration is going to fight this thing, but I think it's something that's comprehensive at the Grassroots level. It's going to save some money. It's consistent God help us with gramm-rudman and it cuts back on funding. We will save at least a billion dollars that we know about it'll make 40,000 people temporarily unemployed unemployed out on the flats of Nevada, but that the community the religious community certainly have said we should suspend and stop all testing. The Catholic bishop said that in 1981 and the Methodist said once again yesterday and the CTB the comprehensive Test Ban Treaty furthermore that was signed by President Kennedy in 1963 included a pledge and the superpowers at that time said we are going to ban all testing as soon as we can and all of the Nations that went along with that and have not test like Australia feel very naked now when they have Tested they haven't developed nuclear weapons and that they say that the superpowers have broken their pledge as they have as a result. It was a very sad day in American history on March 22 1986. When in the midst of the Nevada desert the Reagan Administration, once again, tested a very distinguished position for the Physicians for social responsibility was asked how he felt about this and this distinguished position had worked very diligently on this area and he said very sadly on television. He said this day reminds me of the day when one of your patients dies and they're going to continue to work in this area and the lawyers are and I know all of you are the American Bar Association will be lobbying for the comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. Let me come to a third point where I hope that we all of us could do something as you know through the efforts of people like Congressman Fraser years ago, the Congress passed a bill saying that both houses of Congress can strike down any sale of weapons. That is over 25 million and that was elevated to 50 million. It hasn't been very successful because the Reagan Administration got through 7.5 billion dollars worth of a walks a wax for Saudi Arabia. However, it is effective right now that they're stopping the proposed sale to Jordan of arms. Can this be made better yet? It made be made more. Perfect. I'm humiliated. Every time I see statistics. Once again that the United States is The Merchant of death. We sell more weapons than any other Nation. Certainly Russia. Is there behind us and France and now Israel is selling a billion a year, but it seems to me that by arrangements from the super powers down. We could say that this flow of traffic in conventional arms to all of these nations has to be a cancer these arms are out there and you are people who know how to use them and they're there and people will want to use them and that if he Another War comes along a many wars, we really can't say that Listen when we have supplied the arms and when people say that Qaddafi is so terrible because of the terrorism who sold him the arms. A lot of those arms are American Arms and a lot of them are French Chimes and that if we had said that years ago, they were going to stop arms into the Arab world and I feel badly for Israel because obviously they are terrorized at the presence and the buildup in the escalation of arms and the Arab world. Let me come to a fourth thing where I think all of us have to be very well informed and have to hold the line and that's complying with salt to the president the other day to the surprise of some of his advisers went with mr. Schultz and apparently against mr. Weinberg and Richard Perle and a lot of other people and he said yes come a week or two that we're going to scrap some old submarine or two of them and they're going to drydock them and that we won't use them and that keeps us in compliance with the restrictions of salt 2. So 2 is the first and only treaty that we've ever had. With the other side that cuts back on the number of vessels and weapons that we can have they cut it back from 1452 1200 in order to comply with the 1200. We had to get rid of some of these things and during the last few years. The Congress has been very very urgent on the president. Please comply with salt 52 Senators went send him a letter a month ago. Please please comply with the limitations of salt and a majority of the house said Mr. Reagan a letter saying the same thing and all the peace groups like yourself have been saying, please please our continual bye-bye salt. It's sort of a mystery actually because mr. Reagan has always been opposed to solve and he chewed up Jimmy Carter during the campaign for negotiating it and he said it was fatally flawed. But lo and behold four five and a half years. He has complied with salt to no one knows exactly why but that somehow he has an instinct that people out there like you would be screaming at him if he in fact Violated so I'll to what is retaining it but another decision is coming up in the end of this year. So we have to understand what is involved Congressman Les. Aspin had a very cute little Bond Mo the other day he pointed out what would happen if the United States of abandoned the limits of salt to he said that the Soviets could overtake Us in strategic nuclear weapons because of grand Rodman and many many other things and he enumerated how many weapons the Soviets could in possibly would build if we stop building if we stopped observing this that just listen to some of the weapons that they would be building. It's just a little bit unbelievable that we have complied. They have complied but that if we in the next few months if we cease complying the Soviets could quickly build 516 launches over the A to three years while it most the United States because of budget in production difficulties. We could add only 58 in the same period so Congressman Les aspin says that if Reagan got the Shivers from the so-called window of vulnerability in 1981. Mr. Reagan will get double pneumonia from the opportunities which he opens up to the Soviets even fact he gets rid of salt too. So I would say is you all of you and especially the lawyers to say that we should inform people about soil to what is at stake and insist that the country go forward with that policy. Let me speak briefly about some of the broader issues and we keep saying all the time. Well, we have to contain Communism and that if you question that what you might lose your seat in Congress or you're certainly not a good American but I raised the basic question, is that still valid anymore and do we know what we're talking about when we say we want to contain Communism I'm afraid the code word now has been transferred from communism to terrorism and when they got to try to defeat a few congressmen, I suppose they're soft on terrorists. Let me tell you what's going to happen in the next 14 years. You all wonderful organizations will be a little bit older. I hope that you have great victories in those 14 years, but think of one thing that's going to happen in the universe. The global village now has four point two billion people and in 14 years from now in the year 2000. It's going to have six point two billion people two billion human beings are going to come into the global village in the next 14 years just unbelievable. The population of the Earth will increase by 1/3 that has never happened in human history. This is inexorable. Nothing can stop it. Even if all these people got all the Planned Parenthood that they need nothing will happen to stop the two billion people. Obviously, there's no planning the United States can't even think of that that we don't care about it United Nations is Up to planning for such a vast vast increase in the population of the Earth. Well, if we're some planning think of what might happen wouldn't it be wonderful if the United States and the Soviet Union came together and rationally said both of us have an interest in the state of the universe 14 years from now and let us say that we will try to be human beings with these two billion new human beings that will be our brothers and sisters speaking of it more crassly the United States we get some more markets and we could sell some more refrigerators and some toothpaste and that it would be wonderful for our foreign trade balance and we might even feel good about ourselves. And yes, we could contain Communism. Why are these nations might they be attracted to Communism? Well, maybe the comment is would say we're going to come and build up and give you some good agricultural techniques. I don't think they find commonest on Marxism very attractive every country where the moxa's go they get Crowd thrown out of they were thrown out of China and Egypt and Indonesia and the not doing anything at all in Africa two or three nations. They're not very attractive to people are attracted to our system of openness and freedom and democracy and it seems to me that we have an incomparable opportunity now to say the whole new world is opening up to us and rather than have this fixation. We are going to contain communist. That is our foreign policy. Let's accept what's all Lionel lilienthal said one time the ambassador to OAS. He said the principal objective of our foreign policy policy should be the alleviation of hunger and tonight after this lovely dinner. We think with a lot of guilt of the 800 million people who are chronically malnourished and on tomorrow is a school day. They'll be 350 million children of school age with no school to go to and the number of illiterate children in the third world is increasing and not decreasing and the potable water that we need for all of these people is not increasing but decreasing the World Health Organization said the other day that for a one-time appropriation of 450 million dollars practically, nothing 450 million dollars. We could eliminate malaria forever. And that is a plague in the third world and I read just the other day in the new report from UNICEF that listen to this every single year in the third world 500,000 children get polio because the Salk vaccine is not there suppose that we said as a people that we are going to insist that every child in the third world gets all of the vaccines that every American child gets that would contain Communism that would make us feel good about ourselves and that might make us a bit respected and even loved out there in the other world that we looked on with such disdain. I hope that the American Bar Association in their meeting in New York in August is going to approve a right to food resolution and the Congress passed that right to food resolution through the leadership of Congressman Frazier and others and it said this that every person in the world under international law and the UN Charter and the covenants and human rights has a right to food and nutrition and also it went on to state that the supplying of food should be one of the principal objectives of u.s. Foreign policy. It seems to me that we should say that the lawyers and all of us should think more in concrete terms of all of these terrible terrible problems that I have mentioned to you. You are very resourceful in this community you are respected you are looked up to you are the model on the spiritual aristocracy of this community and that you don't realize the influence that you have in this country. It was because of groups like you that we were able to terminate the war in Vietnam and get rid of the draft in peacetime and bring about the War Powers Resolution and all these other things that happened in the 60s and the 70s and when you say that we're lost and nothing is happening look back to what peace and Justice groups in this country did it is ultimately the peace people it is the people in this country that determine what kind of a government that we get. And that's one of the many reasons why Atlantic the lawyers Alliance for a nuclear arms control was established and they said that lawyers have a leadership role in every community and that the lawyer should be there where all of you are fighting every single day for a new vision of America. Professor louder pack an eminent International legal scholar said one time that the moral claims of one generation often become the legal rights of the Next Generation and we have seen that in the area of civil rights and to some extent in the area of women rights and we are fighting now for the moral claims of the people in the third world and the people in the first world for peace and tranquility and who knows by our efforts, they might become the legal rights of the Next Generation. I have a vision or a dream that 50 75 years from now, the nuclear men has will have been abolished like slavery was eventually abolished in this country and that the threat of global Annihilation will have gone away and let's dream of it that we are friends with the Soviet Union just to like we're friends with Canada and the historians will look back and say what happened. Why is the coexistence and Tara? Why did it go away and they will say It was a moral revolution in America and the Catholic Bishops came alive and were born again and the methodists and the Jewish groups and then the scientist and the lawyers and the peace people. All of this was a model ferment and they kept saying we can't live this way. We don't want to threaten massive Annihilation. We don't want to be citizens in a country that has a plan to kill a hundred and fifty million Soviet citizens in 252 cities and that's our foreign policy. They can look back and they will say that in the Twin Cities on law day in 1986. These people came together and in Louisville in Los Angeles and San Diego and in unlikely places with conservatives and liberals coming together the churches and the humanist all these groups coming together gradually changed what America for 40 years believed and I like to think that we were on the threshold of that new era when we look back at This horrible time of 40 years and we say that we want to get rid of all of that nightmare Pope John Paul put it well to Hiroshima in 1981. He said quote our future on this planet exposed as it is to nuclear Annihilation depends upon one single Factor Humanity must make a moral about-face and the Catholic Bishops in 1983 put it this way quote all rests, ultimately in the disarmament of the human heart and the conversion of the human Spirit to God Saint John in his epistle sums it all up in that word love and he talks about a love of mankind and st. John the Evangelist uses a very strong word for those who say they love God, but do not love their neighbor and John says that such person is a liar. We know the power of love. And that's what brings these three groups together. We may call it law piece of Tranquility. But ultimately it was back to the respect that we have for every other human being and we lamented As Americans and as Believers the fact that the child of mr. Gaddafi was killed and that's not justified because another child was killed because of a terrorist act and we say The Taking of lives even to cure or inhibit or protect us from terrorism that is not justified and we're sensitized more and more to that and we know as we look around the world that is a desperate desperate situation that we confront st. Paul in his letter to the Philippians said it put it this way. We are living in a walked in disease world and we must shine there like lights in a dark place and for a long time you people have been seeking to shine like lights in a dark place. I say to you that maybe I'll light is being seen maybe a voice and his Echo is being heard and maybe just maybe we are on the brink of something very important in American life. So he must study an act and pray and all of these three things go together. We must study as never before there's no lack of volumes 200 books on nuclear warfare have come out over the last two years and we must talk the language of the technocrats. We must not allow them to brushes aside. Oh, they're all peaceniks and freeze Knicks, and they really don't understand this. We must match our knowledge about salt 1 and Star Wars and STI with all the lingo that they have. We must know all about counter force and all of the Arcane language that they have invented and as a result we must study and I say this particularly to the lawyers and I said it to the earlier today that even if you think we should be making more progress you are making progress if you sit down, Understand the Arcane 55 pages of salt 2 and say to mr. Reagan what will happen if you scrap soil to we must persuade ultimately the Senate of the united states to ratify saw to and go on to ratify salt 3 up to solve 10 and that we know at this particular moment, especially on the eve of law day that we don't want to be guilty of the sin of silence and we probably look back into our lives over the last several years and accuse ourselves of the sin of Silence. I just read David Wyman's book on the abandonment of the Jews and it is a renders to me that America slept through the age of genocide and that we were unable or unwilling to recognize all the signs of six million Jews were being prosecuted for being killed and it seems to me that we obviously have to act in a very rational and responsible way individually and collectively and that we must also pray because we will need Good deal of courage and convictions for the challenges are going to be very very severe. But I assure you that if you adopt this very onerous task of studying and acting in praying it will bring peace and tranquility and that we will know to be spiritual for a moment. We will know when we do those things that we are not running away from God and His imperious demands and that we will know that work that work for peace is the work of God. I commend to you a beautiful statement by a fellow Jesuit the distinguished French Theologian by the Tejada should done and he said this the age of nations is passed he remains for us now if we do not want to perish to set aside the ancient prejudices and build the Earth. Let me conclude with a statement made many years ago by President Kennedy that thrilled me and thrilled the world. It was his words that exhilarated the world after he had signed the nuclear Test Ban Treaty here is what he said. Whereas with which I close my fellow Americans. Let us take that first step. Let us step back from the shadows of war and seek out the ways of peace. And if that journey is a thousand miles or even more. That history record that we in this land at this time took the first step. Thank you very much.