First of all so that you might get a better understanding of what I look on as a conservative and a liberal. A conservative wants to build on The Proven values of the past and that's why we looked askance at things like socialism. They control of other people by a central government why we look with fear on The Reckless spending of money and so forth because these things have all been tried in the past and they've always failed never succeeded. illiberal on the other hand And the greatest liberal, I think we ever had in this country is one of my political Heroes Thomas. Jefferson is a man or woman who is willing to try something new even though something like it might have failed. They feel let's take another look at it. Let's find out what's been wrong. The ideas are good. Let's see if we can make it make this work. So that essentially is the difference between a conservative and a liberal. We have many people who stand in the middle many people who don't stand any place. We've got a lot of those running around Washington right now. But I am I mentioned that to you because I know. That this is one of the main subjects that you young people are going to be studying up here. What do you as individuals can do about some of the problems if not all of the problems that face Us in this world today, and I know also that connected with this excellent course is a subject of leadership and many of you probably most all of you have wondered through your life. What is leadership and I think the best example I've ever heard of what leadership is the game. They made from old General George Patton and when are used to train his troops on the desert, I would fly nightly or even evening missions against his bed wax do attempt to find them to prove that they were properly bit. Whacked or not. And then later that night we would attend his lectures that he gave to his commanders and his troops and don't ever forget one night. He showed up with a a China plate and it was wet and on that plate. He had a noodle and he was trying to push that noodle across the plate and he finally said gentlemen, you can't push the noodle you've got to get out in front and pull it and that to me as always been the essence of leadership. That's you. You have to know enough. About your subject enough about what you're talking about and have the respect of people under you or with you to be able to pull that noodle across the plate. So I matter what you may think of the leaders of the past as you study their lives. And as you try to develop yourselves into leaders, you're going to find it. You're going to do the work. You're going to be the one out there in front catching hell when something's wrong. Somebody else is going to get the praise when something goes right, but you don't care you have a mission in life. You've decided on what it's going to be. I don't care what profession you go into and everything you do you try to pull that noodle along with you. So that's my definition. have leadership How about some of the things I say here today may sound strange to you and deal with what I've had to say about my concept of being a conservative. because wow, I've lived most of my political life with the Liberals in both parties being in power where I serve I find today that there's a great lack of liberal leadership across this nation, and I have a strong feeling. That is more from giving up. Then actually trying now this is something that Hubert would never have had happened. He'd be up here screaming his head off at me. If you thought that would help liberalism. And why is it important that we have both sides? It's important in our country that we have differences. As I mentioned to the group last night when the Constitution was first written there was no mention made of the rights that we recognize as having come to us as a gift from God and the 13 colonies said no, they would not ratify that Constitution. So the founding fathers went back to work and wrote the the Bill of Rights the 10 first 10 amendments and it was adopted and immediately imagine within minutes after the first Congress started. What everybody thought surely the whole country could accept and unity found differences. Freedom of speech meant one thing to this man. Another thing to this man freedom of religion the same way. So we started the two party system and it's been the great secret and a great success of America the fact that we can differ we can be different from each other. We can argue our points argue them as well as we can and The Winning Side has the right at 2 when we don't have to content we don't have to agree. But at least we've given a chance and that's the one thing that frankly bothers me about the so-called Moral Majority groups. I don't want anybody telling me whether I'm moral or immoral. I have my own opinion. My wife has hers. I want to have my other right to have my own feelings about things like School busing or abortion or God blessed era and I guess she'll have you heard about that up here. These are not subjects should ever come under the control of any government your morals and my morals are our business. And if anybody has anything to do with them missed the two of us or our church our family. And God and once you get past that you're monkeying around with something that's dangerous of difference. I look now at the need for a real a real Rebirth of liberalism with real help Maya Angelou from conservatives because this country isn't what it was when Hubert Humphrey and I first went into politics. It's a much bigger country. our economics are not in the good shape that they were that were then we have people in poverty that we didn't have then we have a welfare state or people living under welfare that frankly we haven't learned what to do about Now I know you can hear conservative. Say wipe them out. You don't do that. When you when you reach that point that Abraham Lincoln said many years ago was the responsibility of the government to take care of those people who cannot take care of from the for themselves nor will take care for themselves. So that becomes a responsibility and is a responsibility today like big question becomes. How do we do it? Well, the the old liberal answer was I just spend more money? And also looking at it as a conservative with a realization that we have to do things. I have to do something about these situations when you take almost 50% of the money that you make to give it to some government to do what they want with your going to get mad. And that's what's happening. This country people have gotten mad to the point that they don't care anymore about the people that need help. What can we do and that I saw out to you young people and your academic monsters as a real challenge to come up with some ideas or we conservatives have always believed in the economic system of this country being able to take care of anyone who wants to work. Well, we develop now breed in this country that they don't want to work. And that's all right. You don't want to work that's up to you, but you have to live and we have a responsibility. I agree with President Reagan on his idea that by cutting taxes and at the same time cutting Federal expenses where we can we can create about 10 million new jobs in the next 5 years and you may say that sounds impossible. Will I remember when I got out of World War II and was met with the idea that we would soon have 15 million people working in this country. And now we have nearly a hundred million people employed in this country but employed in Doing things that our fathers and grandfathers never dreamed would become the dominant sources of income service you realize that last year 47% of the engineering degrees given in by our universities in the United States went to students from foreign countries. And here in this country, we can't find enough engineers and scientists to go around and yet we are the supposed to be the great technological country. If we have one leadership left. It's in technology. I don't know how to attract young people into the subject of engineering or science, but it's something we must do the Soviets have 900,000 Engineers. I don't know if they can change a tire or not, but they've got nine hundred engineers. This is an area that you as liberal as those of you who are and people like myself working server. Just have to figure out a way to make the darn thing work. We've got to figure out a way to take care of people without causing other people to lose their incomes without causing other people to get mad at the government. We have to improve the government. I don't have to stand up here and tell you that the federal government of our country is not held in very high respect is not. And it shouldn't be there's really nothing wrong with the people who served in the federal government there just as loyal and dedicated as any of them and if we are but we throw money around we waste money we abused power. That's a challenge to everyone of us. How do we change this? How can we get the jobs that used to be handled in Minneapolis back to Minneapolis and away from Washington that's going to be a constant job how to improve the operation of our government and I Know It with the great happiness that this is one of the major subjects that come under the curricular that you're going to be following. And then we come to this Everlasting question of peace. in this world and I I think I can speak for every man. Who's ever been to war? One is enough. In fact one is too many. And I am not. of that hopeless belief that we need to continue to have wars. What about something like this now? You will say goldwater's losing his mind. Well after being in a hospital and doing a half months and laying in bed at home with nothing to do but listen to my titanium hip and I had some chance to think and maybe that titanium has gotten into my mind. I don't know. What would be wrong? but the Soviet Union and the United States sitting down. Not to talk about intercontinental ballistic missiles or tactical nuclear missiles with the talk about how all the Soviet Union is going to continue her government, which is declining going downhill. The people who run it are too old. I'm not a young man. They're all older than I am. They need young people their economy consequently is changing and the economy can change the government of any country in the world. If the people who work for a living are not allowed to keep enough of their labor to satisfy them. They keep forcing that government to change a little bit and the Soviets are changing not so you're going to noticing it now, but they're changing. The United States is changing. Our government is not held in the respect that it used to be held in and there's reasons for that and you know the reasons and I know the reasons and we all know how they can be changed. We have elections every two years to take care of that here in a country where 20 years ago. We absolutely dominated the world in economics nearly 90% of the aircraft flown in this world were made in the United States. Almost all of the automobiles were made in the United States today. What do we find nearly 30% of the automobiles driving around Minneapolis and Phoenix are made in Japan or made in Germany or some foreign country 70% of television sets and radio and stereo sets made in Japan. The best steel in the world is no longer made in the United States. It's made in Belgium. It's made in Germany is made in Japan. Now we can I can I can expect to see some changes like that, but I'm not standing here admitting a willingness to see my country go down the tube in areas that we should continue to be dominant and I would look on this as one of the most challenging subjects that you young people as students and you academic types have in front of you. What do we do? Together our industry rolling again. What do we do to increase profits to make people work to want to work? I'm trying to get to it. I have my theory on that and President Reagan is trying to executed. I think he will have some success it will not be an idiot. But I think he'll have success with it. And whether you're a liberal or democrat, you have to admit that our economic system depends on that rather dirty words sometimes prophets. I mention these things to you about Russia and the United States cuz wouldn't it be more profitable for the world in the end? If we spent time talking to each other about our our own governmental problems our own economic problems? Bad meeting Solita decide whether or not we're going to build another thousand icbm's or 500 or one or two or how many aircraft were going to build the air or battleships are aircraft carriers. How much better would it be for the whole world? If the meeting of these two countries could result in peace in what I call the Islamic Crescent the Middle East. How much better would it be if we could erase this very dangerous situation that we find running from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific along the border of the Soviet Union and other countries. Are you may say this can't be done and I'm not standing here and say it can be done. But I would a darn sight rather talk my way out of trouble and fight my way out of trouble and I'd rather take the chance. I'd rather take the chance. I was something happening good out of that then something happen again the way of what I might give you a little idea of how the military mind is beginning to think on this and I spent 37 years of my life in the blue of the sky and loved it. They military infantry Journal that many of the older men will remember his manual 100-15 that hasn't been changed since the days of Custer. Is being Rewritten by a brilliant Four Star General named story? And in it he emphasizes time and time again that the American people must be told everything we do. In a way of relations with other countries if we're going to build a new tank why? where will we need it and what are the chances are of what the chances are of it's possibly being used the same thing would apply to aircraft the two ships at sea, but if we keep the American people informed The chances of our getting into war accidentally but I can tell you just don't exist. We're not going to have any more Pearl Harbor's where we wake up one morning and the countries that warned every man, Jack and woman in the country is trying to get into uniform that won't happen if we ever get it at end of trouble and we need Manpower. It's going to have to come through volunteerism. Are the draft but I've always felt it. It's been the idea of the Lord that when we do away with discrimination. Weather is race Creed color, and we can talk with people all over this world and they'll understand us. When we all realize that our God is not necessarily the god of everybody in this world that everybody has the right to worship whom they want then we're going to be together and then I think we have a chance for peace. But I'm a I'm a sort of a lazy stingy guy don't to wait that long and I have 10 grandchildren. And I don't want to see those 10 grandchildren have to March off and get the tail shut off. It's no fun. No, I could have cut that go on in this vein. I think your I hope you're getting the idea that I feel there's a lot that can be done in a Cooperative way between the so-called liberal and the so-called conservative. There's a lot that can be done in a Cooperative way between the Republican party and the Democratic party without giving up this basic idea of difference. We have to have different we have to have points to argue on but the points we should we argue on that should lead eventually to the betterment of all people. Who live in this country and I am enough of an optimist to believe that we're going to see that day. No. I have a hunch that I've been on the wrong according to this watch. And it's running a little bit too long. So if you have some questions of Know how I stand up. I'm doing pretty good. I think on all of our minds is the question of the recession and perhaps you could tell us how long you think the recession will last. Well, first of all, you have to ask yourself. Is there a recession if you're out of work? Yes, there's a recession that your company's not making money. Yes. There's a recession. I've lived through a number of recessions. This one has not reached the stage that I would call a recession yet. I'll say it has the makings know you have to keep in mind that the Reagan efforts you want to call him Reagan economics. I've only been in effect since October 1st and it took this country for a tan. Here's to get screwed up as bad as it's been screwed up ever not die according. My best advisor in economics is Milton Friedman. I'll admit he's a little bit conservative. He he thinks I'm a socialist. Hey, hey, thanks set with the tax cut. Being what it is and I with a large deficit that we will have that we won't see any marked improvement in the economy. Probably for a while. It is now January probably before a year from now or a year from March, but I sent some changes already little things happening some building contracts that are being made in different parts of the country. So I'm not I'm not downhearted about this thing. I think that within a year or 14 months you're going to see an upturn in the so-called recession. And then in the next four years we should get. Do want we want balance a budget, but we will see a decided Improvement in the balance of money that you want. Do I see Barry Bennett from the League of Women Voters and after Betty perhaps since I won't know all of you if you could identify yourself and if your student which college you're in and if you're working in the community the organization which was with which you are affiliated Betty. Thank you, Senator Goldwater. The league was very pleased to see the Congress pass a foreign assistance bill for the first time in three years and we're curious know with the increase in military spending has been projected what impact that will have on foreign aid international relations, which show is that form a system military Assistance or foreign aid bill that was passed. I like to see us use for an industrial assistance where we can teach other countries how to do things with their hands at we do so well and usually so easily the foreign aid Bill did pass with a little more money as I say against my best wishes and I had a very small argument with the president about it. But it didn't get too serious. I would hope to see a stop that and take up instead. Things like the Peace Corps, which was the brainchild of Hubert's or teaching other countries. For example, how do you use water? How do you get water on the crops? What do you do with water after it becomes unusable not that would apply to most of the countries of Africa and many of the countries of South Africa. That's the kind of Aid I would like to see Tucker I believe you're next. My name is Terry Belcher. I'm an alumnus and I'm with the local L5 Society chapter L5 Minnesota. And I was wondering if you could discuss briefly what the future in the space program is and how how the cutbacks are going to affect it and whether there's going to be a turnaround with respect to the cutbacks the future of the Space Program. Yes, Massa. Well, of course, I'm very biased. I'm a great believer in NASA. I'm a great believer that a lot of America's do sure is up there. I believe the space shuttle is the most advanced tool that we Built For This purpose yet. I'd like to see us build 10 more like it like it so we can keep them constantly up there and doing the job is that the University's can come up with to be done up there. I can see vast improvements in medicine. I can see a vast Improvement in the technology. I'll give you one we can only build Dependable crystals about that long in this country now to convert a giant amounts of direct current into alternating current. We needed them about fourteen centimeters long. They can be built in space because there's no gravity up there, but we got tickets a few more than that. The loan you can have a satellite up here above Minneapolis or halfway between here and Chicago that will light up Chicago and Minneapolis that we can forget about power problems in this country. Not at all come out of one little addition in space and he says something that was home, but what some day while we live up there? Who knows? could be I don't know why. I don't know. I have to see if I could pick take my friends. I would like to thank ice walk tomorrow. I think we'll come over here to microphone 3 and then back to you her problems. Would you give your views on a gold standard position on a gold standard is that I think we should we have it returned. I think the biggest mistake probably we've made and in the monetary system. In this country was when we went off the gold standard back about 1934 and reduced the price to $0.35 an ounce and we sat around and watched if you up to nearly $1,000. There's never been a country in the history of the world that has tried going off the gold standard. They didn't get back to the gold standard house are many advantages of it. For example, the paper dollar you have in your pocket theoretically has a dollars worth of go someplace and before 1934 if you weren't happy with the way the government was operating in the money, you could take that dollar bill or $20 bill down to the bank and say give me some gold and you got it and when the Congress heard about this run for gold they got the idea. They straighten things out. I would like to see us go back. I can't give you an argument on what it would be harmful for for a short while or whether there would be no harm. I think there would be some adjustments. It would have to be made but I would like to see us go back on the gold standard. I'm Susan papers. I'm a senior in the College of liberal arts and in Washington. I know a lot of the conservatives have ideas for change God willing they're going to get the country out of the mess. We're in right now. But every time you turn on the TV news, it seems like someone is running conservative programs into the ground all the welfare recipients are going to be hurt and everything. They like to show the bad that I think we're call Bill Buckley writing something about you once Senator during your presidential campaign. When he said even if Senator Goldwater to stand up tomorrow and say I hate nuclear weapons, the media would report him as saying that he hates them especially because being president he would be forced to use them. And I wondering what is your view on the role of media in politics? What influence do they have on the way policy is made and implemented all media in politics. well It's pretty darn strong. I'm not saying they're always right. But I have a feeling that we are beginning to see a change. I think it's 67% of the American people now get their news from television. We have television stations on cable. We have them all satellites that go 24 hours a day or nothing but news you can pick up. And I can't talk about your papers up here cuz I don't read them, but I know I can pick up my paper and read it cover-to-cover and Peggy O'Shea what it what's in it. I did a couple of guys got killed last night and that's not my idea of the kind of news presentation that we should be getting. I think with a great Improvement that's coming and I don't have time to describe it better coming and are here in the telephone system that will be available to you. I'm almost anytime you want to pay a little more and get it. You can get all your news right on a little scope or get it over your television screen that comes over here telephone. You can get your marketing done. You can write letters you can you can almost live without any other media The Source than the telephone and what it will give to you so this changes being made In the meantime, we were pretty nice to the newspapers. Yes, Senator Goldwater. My name is Brian Anderson. I'm a senior at the University here and the state chairman of the college Republicans and Reaganomics or new federalism seems to be causing the energy poor states substantial hardship and I was wondering what is being done. In the meantime before Reagan economics takes hold to Aid the states that are currently experiencing a hardship because of his program at this time. No not by law. The president has indicated to the city's at. There will be a program. I don't know what it will be you use the word federalism in there, I believe and if you want to read an interesting series of books written by Nelson Rockefeller for the Kennecott papers it where he Advocates a new federalism which would and I believe they one of the big answers to America's at the cities and states money problems. That is to turn over. do a state or a city any function that that that lesser government unit can show they can do as well or better than the federal government. For example, as long as we have federal aid to education if the schools in Minnesota can show that they provide better education of having the standards of the federal government. Give all the money give it to the governor or to the Board of Education which ever handled it out here without any intervening body taking their little bike the same thing could be said about our lands in the Far West where we can show that we can take care of them as well as the federal government allow us to make the money off in the middle of it would help our tax situation. It's a remarkable series of Papers written way back in the 1950s. I've never heard anybody in government talk about okay over here. We're going to have to move very quickly. We got about 4 more minutes between the Democratic and Republican parties at this time. Well I think it it goes pretty much to what we've been talking about. The answer that we hear from the Democrats not all of them but many in the house and in the Senate and again not all the way here from many Republicans the same way as let's spend more money. Now the Republican to say we don't have any more money. How can we spend it because going further into debt means increased interest rates. It means that young people will not be able to build homes. And that's one of the most disturbing things to me in this country. The fact that young married couples can't own their own home because home is a basis of America and that is a problem. If that's that's fundamentally the difference that I see and I sent some Republicans already running to swing over and go along with the Democrats. Can I send some Democrats willing to swing over and go stay with a republican? I hope I'm right. Go ahead. Let you at number two is Senator Goldwater you a quote a general story as insisting that the American people must be told everything that is being done with their government. You'd also mentioned that we need to attract more young people in the engineering and find some way of doing that yet in the last few years. We have decisively classified a lot more engineering and top technology information. So that students of engineering and technology and also private Industries are less able to revitalize our country. Do you believe that some of the classified data that the military has taken over should be released for public use I hope I got the question, right? I'm chairman of the oversight committee on intelligence family of America that covers all intelligence. And we've been way way too loose with our intelligence particularly related to highly. A secret and classified electronic gadgets if we have floating around. We've been having a difficult time and Congress for example in passing a law. That will put a penalty on the EZ disclosure of classified material. We haven't had any luck with it so far. I just want to discourage people from making available to any other people in this world scientific or technological material that would be an advantage to those people and they have a disadvantage to us and it's a very difficult thing to do. I think the Soviets probably have more people in the Library of Congress and they have living in most of the suburbs of Moscow and they just have to pick they just have to read the daily technical journals and I'm pretty well tell her what we're doing some of the things that we are told. That they have of ours we have a difficult time believing but it's true. So I'd like to see it stop it someway. I'm so sorry. We're just going to take one last question over here. I apologize. I'm Sally flags with the office of international programs here at the University. I was interested in your idea of promoting talk rather than war is a means of dealing with countries around the world. What would you think of the idea senator of diverting a small fraction of our defense budget? Let's say one tenth of 1% that the international educational exchange believe I'm responsible for spending more money for weapons and any other Sherman Oaks. subcommittee and when the word came down to Cut the budget. I found 2 billion dollars without even working too hard at it. I think the defense budget can be cut. It can't be cut as astronomically as many people would like at this time. I think if we can ever show not necessarily progress towards catching or matching the Soviets but show progress in the direction of Bringing about a real piece, then we can begin to see Cuts in defense spending but as long as the Soviets. And this is a very peculiar thing to talk about we've never gone to war with the Soviets. They never fought us. We've always defended then they've always defended us and yet here. We are supposedly I need each others throats. It just doesn't make sense to me that we have to continue. This arms race without getting something else a try. I'd like to know what it would be like to leave something like this up to the vote of the Russian people leave it up to the vote of the American people. I think it would come out a big. All right on the side of peace. I know sensible. No, sensible person wants to go to war. And I would hope and pray that before any of us in this room pass on including me and I can reach over and whistle at it now that we will make real progress. This world is a different thing. You can imagine your young people what it was like when I was fighting in China. We didn't even know how big China was somebody to say Burma so that where the hell is Burma. And now everybody everyone of you can sketch the whole world and almost give the population and what they do and those populations are beginning to produce and someday this world will be a totally productive world and I believe living in peace. I'd like to have my little two bits in that. I wouldn't bet on it, but I'm going to try.