Weekend: Hamid Algar on the Iranian revolution

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MPR’s Tom Meersman interviews Hamid Algar, professor of Islamic studies and history at the University of California at Berkeley. Algar discusses the Iranian revolution, and outlines what he thinks are the greatest misconceptions the United States has of the revolution and the Ayatollah Khomeini.

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I would have so many it's difficult to know where to begin. But I mean just to take one of those random there is this idea that Khomeini is somehow a Sinister Seger who is imposed himself on Iran by force who has substituted one dictatorship for another. Which is a token misreading of the situation one speaks here in the in the price of khomeini's regime as if he ran his himself on a day-to-day basis, which is not true. What he does is to provide General guidance and to intervene on specific questions whenever he deems necessary, but the day-to-day business hour of the government is run by the emerging political system, which in turn is based upon the universal election. I think it's very remarkable achievement. So many consultations to the popular will since the revolution will be in numerous referendum, then who's the presidential election and soon after that the election for the mattress for the parliament. So what is emerging in Iran has a genuine participate three political system of which Imam Khomeini is the Apex? No doubt, but he's not in any way an authority and rules that dictate a text a pharmacist in your opinion knowing Khomeini a little bit and knowing the situation. Do you think the United States is going in the right direction as far as the emerging government in a run as far as eventual establishment of relations and so forth. I don't think so. Now it seems to be necessary is a move to once the recognition that America was directly involved in the crimes of the Shah and some form of moral and material relationship be made and give him the continuing on winning this song of the president of ministration to do that. It's very difficult to foresee any real Improvement in iranian-american relations of the governmental ever. Do you think the Ayatollah Khomeini is very much aware of the presidential election in this country and is making certain pronouncements or not making certain pronouncements in relation to that. I don't think so sometimes the idea. Is floated that he would like to see contact lose the election of some kind of active Revenge, but I don't think that's the outcome of the election one way or the other is the matter of importance for amount for money and he doesn't hear modulations pronouncements with a due to the impact on the American domestic politics. He is a fairly old man. And while he may live several more years, what would be your estimation or gas as to the future of the country? Should he be removed from the scene whether it's by death tour or by other circumstances depends when that's event occurs, but The new political institutions on in the process of establishing themselves and I think even where God forbid he to leave the scene in the near future still the the racing the Revolutionary regime quotes and I could survive this with a certain amount of disruption and inevitable. confusion in the in the transition but time the Constitution does make provision for a process whereby a successor would emerge one if I would be elected by process of indirect vomiting. While no individual can possibly hope to succeed to the device model PlayStation authority of the Imam still someone can you much at least 1/4 of the day today functions that he's he's taken upon himself. What do you conceive to be some of the major threats to Iran at this point. Some people have said that the course there's disputes between the United States and Russia and Iran and so forth, but there's so much activity and disagreement or at least it's reported as such between Arab countries or Islamic countries. Do you see that? Perhaps this more significant than the relations between Iran and the other of the larger superpowers. I don't think you can separate the two because the other invasions in the region not acting As the partners or even as the Agents of the two superpowers, I mean if a rock is engaging in Border Warfare against Iran right now, this is no doubt in collusion even maybe with the act of encouragement of the United States. I'm similarly the hostility of Egypt and Saudi Arabia to Iran is explicable in the same way, and I think you need on the realization that for for survival for self-preservation. It is necessary. So to speak to expose the revolution. You're not by sending armies across the borders, but by working for popular uprisings in other Middle Eastern countries to create a favorable environment for the the ghost of the Revolution instead of a series of hostile States ringing in Iran on behalf of the superfans. One of the things that you and every other speaker at this meeting has been talking about and criticizing very strongly is the American Press. I'm wondering granted that there was not a great deal of attention paid to Iran before the hostage situation or before actually the revolution occurred. But since then how is he American Press supposed to be able to report on what's happening in the country when number one there are conflicting statements coming out of the country and no one knows quite whom to believe at any given point and number to the US press is barred from the country. Well, I think that the bombing of the USS Princeton to come she was supposed to have service to American public opinion even to the newspapers and news agencies in question because they can achieve the same level of accuracy and they reported it again New York. There's no need to unipath the fs and hotel expenses going all the way to town on coming up with the same kind of nonsense. But as two sources of information now. I just threw the river to be none. Not only I would say because of the the bombing of us reporters from the country. But also because of a kind of self-imposed censorship on the part of the American Press a built-in notion of what is here. And in reality you one very obvious example of this. Is this notion that there is chaos in Iran? And of course not everything is yet settled down doesn't taken on his final shape. This is not realistically to be expected after the Revolutionary armed people but chaos in the sense of the total lack of authority complete Anarchy lack of Law and Order situation in every major city in America where crime is reach terrifying proportions. Who won the December free describe? This is chaos. I don't think so. I'm certainly the the problems that have occurred in Iran the continuing. Debating competition between various political groups or should not be interpreted as chaos. I find it very suspicious to talk is made of of chaos. It seems to be a kind of psychological preparing the ground for an ultimate coup d'etat in Iran, which was allegedly have the purpose of restoring order to the propaganda that went around before the coup against A lender in Chile that also the country or state to be in a state of chaos disorder falling apart. So the then the generals move again. I could claim to be restarting order. I think it should be seeing that context. What do you think is the day today wife in a run now is has it changed substantially from what it was say three years ago. Is it are people who had particular jobs back at the at those same jobs doing basically the same work wondering about the ordinary or kind of the normal person hit and run on whether or not their life has been touched as much as we might think by the revolution difficult to generalize but I would say that everyone's life is being touched by the revolution. The most obvious change that has taken place is the people enough for any longer afraid to speak even those that contain certain policies of the government now would Express themselves quite freely on the subjects without any fear of being overheard or reported on arrested by secret police the price also engages in criticism of the the government. And I would say this is probably the greatest change plus a partial amelioration of economic condition of the master people by no means not done yet in the economic. See you people are still been counting on the unfinished political business of the Revolution, but something is already being accomplished in her in the economic sphere one organization, which consists largely volunteers score of the Reconstruction shahada reconstruction campaign has been operating all areas of the country. I'm building a trying to rebuild the rural economy electricity lines to villages. improving irrigation system and so far and gradually the a genuine Land Reform is taking place in the country. Big guy hold land Holdings are being broken up. So I was saying those two areas major changes is not to be seen your first day in freedom of expression. And secondly, I moved to Baltimore just distribution of wealth. one of those Things that I have heard most about coming out of a run is the system of revolutionary Justice revolutionary trials. Is my version of it or my knowledge of it likely to be accurate from the Western press I would say nuts. What is happening in Iran is not in Revolutionary Justice is such that is to say a departure from the normal Islamic Justice which has its own rules of evidence and procedure radically different from from Western Criterion this matter. but those who are put on trial in Iran can bring witnesses to testify on their behalf. as well as the witnesses that are brought against them may give him a hearing and then the sentence is pronounced and generally speaking immediately. I doubt if it be a question of execution that but obviously I have an exam the dossier Define of every Individuals have been put to death in Iran since the revolution, but I do know personally the major Revolution recharge. I told her father and I have every trust in his in his honest and his Integrity he's not country to the caricature of him in the Westin Prince. He's not a vicious. So Primitive Baptist a man. As far as the manner of hostages many people in the United States might agree to a certain extent that the taking of the hostages certainly was a way for Iran to draw a lot of attention to themselves. But I think that also wonder why it's necessary at this point to continually hold them. What is this necessary quite simply because the United States has not yet made any substantial concession. We're being procedural concessions, but there has been no substantial move towards even a compromise settlement with Iran. And as long as this arrogant notion is faster than America is a superpower. You don't have to apologize even that it's harmful to the National dignity to apologize as long as this mentality continues. It's very difficult to see how it will it will be resolved. I think the Iranians may end up having to resolve it unilaterally themselves. But that would necessarily involve a trial of the hostages or at least those against whom it was a substantial case of what I call now diplomatic activity. Is that where you would Define as as a substantial concession of formal apology? I have to be joined to something very serious undertakings to refrain from any further intervention in Iran. Unceasing of Iranian Assets in this country and they move to a system expedite the process of legal action in American courts to get hold of these Shaw's wife. And I think those are some of the things that would definitely have to be there. One more question ventilating going you characterize the 25 years of the Shah's rule. Was it 15 15 years of the Shah's rule between 53 and 25 twenty-five you characterize the 25 years of the Shah's rule as the blackest years of Iran's history. And that is something which has been said by a number of people. I'm wondering whether or not though. I never hear any qualification of that as far as any positive changes that were made during that time. I'm trying to get a more of a balance in strictly saying the shot was all bad and it was all the United States fault that he was there for 25 years. what you see what kind of balance do you wish to create it is of course through the freeways were built under the Shah. We have a very show you in a freeway that was built from San Juan Airport to to downtown to have fun. and other I've attached. Construction activities for weather why can realistically place them in the opposite pan of the scale against the atrocities committed on his way. She must say that this is another question. I mean, I've told Hitler also built out of antifa people back to work, but I don't think that anyone would seriously say a balanced you a fixed ladder requirements to be tone down aisle condemnation of him, you know, because he patches nice to folks for I cannot do it three ways. I love history of a certain nothing is static setting changes of a material nature took place under the shop, but I don't think they would have significance of great enough to really count upon us the long list of accusations against him. I was thinking of some of areas such as health and education which were reported in this country when they were a rash of articles about Iran and becoming a modern country and so forth. There was no extension of Health Services worth mentioning. The situation in southern provinces of Iran was so bad that according to one report children who were Afflicted in traffic by Tacoma. Would not even have any freshwater and to wipe their eyes clean in the morning instead. They were compelled to use their own urine education was expanded in a material sense. No doubt. There are a few new universities instituted under the Shah, but on the other hand your what went on in these universities half hour, they genuine educational institution serving the needs of the people. That's another question. I don't think that's a game that can count as to how to say significant. contribution to the welfare of the country We're also led to believe from what we've heard from Iran's at all of the Arabian. People are behind Imam Khomeini. Is that true? I would say that that was being a predictable drop in the level of support since the revolution there was certain people who without any substantial belief in Islam. None-the-less supported Imam Khomeini, the revolution anticipating that After the Revolution happened the Islamic elements with somehow step aside and allow Sekulow elements take over when that didn't happen. They got the dissolution. But I would say that at least let's say that at the time of the revolution. 95% of the population was solidly behind Imam Khomeini. Now, I would say at least 70% is behind him. It may even behind but you know, this is I think you look real pretty substantial proportion. And those who disagree you say are free to express their opinion against the state.

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