From the shape of a haul it looks as if I'll have to talk out of both sides of my mouth. The topic I'm going to talk about is the one that has been applied to the seminar on other word art and or not art. And down. It's it's a topic that has a great many different levels of meaning. It's a Looks like when you see some of the things that attack does not all right, it seems like a very topic because they often get a lot of jokes and trivial ideas. And so the question is well, why bother to look at them? I don't exhibit them in the problem is solved but that's not the case. The problem is not solved the problem raised by his so-called not art or none of the heart or in the old days. They used to have also anti heart. That is Works brought made for the purpose of frustrating art Lisa a deep question. I don't talk to. Means but I will give you an example of why it's so serious. In the past the boundaries between fourth and none of them were police by the academy Every Nation had an academy that decided this question. Now most of as I get into this you'll see why we don't have any academies anymore at least in the United States and I must have the advanced countries instead of that. We have to Art but in the show me at Union they have an academy. And it performs a very important subject. It closes a gap in the society which could be occupied by what we call experimental modernist art, which includes the non art that is the way they revolt against start. If you want the society to have a monolithic character not to have any cracks in it. You have to have an academy so that you can know what is and what is not. And I give you that as Hey an example of how profound the subject can get because it's not a trivial matter that what questions are bought in the Soviet Union decided by and Academy in Academy a lot. So all the commission's and it's the decides who show is where historically the functional tomorrow is not whatever encroach too much on the reality of the times. What's considered bad art on not at all? That is all right with supposed to confine itself and be confined to see things that were seen in a circle light if they Academy decided against it for example important as being Guided by what they saw rather than by what the critics called the fundamental principles of art are fundamental principles of art who are really spelled out and they kind of nation movie got it. Everybody who was cultivated knew what the fundamental principles of art to be the case in the recently-published 75 years of art news in the first 35 or 40 years before our contemporaries professional art critics in art historians began to write 5 news. They had many articles about my peace by Picasso about says on and you wouldn't believe it but basic principles of art every time Michelle. Cezanne was held in New York and that took place very rarely how you can be sure that somebody would point out this failure that they didn't live up to the basic principles of art. You can imagine that I sent and 5 rigid kind of conformism could be involved in this and that this has profound social implications. In other words. When you have a society where I kind of an economy is in control, you don't have public displays of all kinds of things that are considered to be in bad taste in bad. Let's say moral or even Italian unsuitable for children. Do you have an otherwise a very a very Sleek War? explosion caused many things which are dubious and well, I'll be asleep. This is not the case today. We don't we don't have any of these walls have well Hollywood has its Academy, but I don't think it works that bike. Don't we have lunch now call the permissive society and a message Society come it's not a lot to be exhibited in museums and art galleries in England. For example Constable was delegated as a mere copyist of nature later than example in the United States apartment and other masters of pulling the eye that's from play paint. It is regarded as not odd because their panties could be mistaken for real objects and therefore should not be taken seriously work of art was supposed to live on another level than me a lot of Jake and the painting was supposed to express those. That level in terms of his compositions oil in the ear of the academy or along to it to the realm of beauty capital letters the realm of beauty which is a highly restricted area of being could be reached only through obeying the laws and bodied in the masterpieces of the past, which was one of the reasons why those fundamental principles were really spelled out because you have to be Juiced them. So to speak from all the back paintings of the Renaissance and the Greeks And of course many of paintings of the Renaissance sculptures if we don't exactly match each other, but they were presumed that have a common Essence which was an embodiment of the realm of beauty. Is there anything worth noting about these masterpieces and that is that the the Weak and Renaissance cultures to which they belong to relatively small geographical chronological and cultural segments of human endeavor. That is to say the Chinese don't come into this the ancient Egyptians. Don't the Babylonians the creep the Muslim is the pre-columbian the jungle on all these creations of edin cultures like the aesthetic qualification for admission into the realm of beauty as they are God's lack the moral virtues that would entitle them to join the company of the Holy Trinity. in relation to Hot Topic Na Na. By the measure of the academy included not only nature but the masterpieces of cultures other than our own but also lower class cultures of the western Nations the odds of the Hinterlands so-called Bogart and naive art and street art the art of the city streets and also later developments in popular. All these are considered not heart and Turn picture postcards to Commemorative statues weathervanes. Merry-Go-Round carvings. All these things with kept strictly a part from the Fine Arts if they were shown at all. It was in Museum of History and ethnology. They would not included in Fine Arts Museum. This has only changed very recent place as it's only in the last two decades that American I bought has been given a full-scale exhibition in art museum No there again. We get back to the academy who decided that the naive honest. It was not an artist. I belong in a separate category as naive. Obviously if you notice work become aware that it's extremely expressive. Maybe The Marvelous statements in color form, but they weren't the kind of use of color informed that I taught them academies in are accepted by the academy and other existence of a special category naive or street art depends on the controller paste by an academy the same kind of a control that in the history of American fine art I kept cycling subjects from being painted all through the 19th century. I refer not mail it to erotic subjects Which Way, but also for example to a great many of the historical events through 19th century such as Indian massacres. Michael's what kind of phenomena which was considered to be not in good taste for hanging on living room walls painted the event example of one of the artist who replaced Akins at the Philadelphia Academy did a famous painting as its famous now of workmen at lunch and you're lucky I'm sure that's fine one painting like that. It's amazing. If you go through the history of American painting how few painting if there are tremendous Industrial Development that followed after the Civil War to draw the people that bought the paintings were big industrialist. They didn't want to know about that about their own Affairs be regaled with beautiful landscapes are other kinds of subject matter to remind me of The time when Eisenhower was President, then he said something by his stock and that same regard. He said my mother taught me that painting should be a beautiful and I've been run over by truck. So, you know, it's well, I knew exactly what the daily life. We come to you might an important step authentication of how are you I am not formed and putting Barbarian heart support. That means all those people I mentioned before the Chinese Egyptians in the ancient African jungle on all these art forms have been authenticated fairly recently by the movement. In fact, a major aspect of a modernist Revolution is overthrowing the taste of the academy in order to introduce, please vastly alien forms in the western Society having a straight line from the Greeks to the Renaissance to great-aunt the suddenly find all those Farmers getting in with Choice a horrible expressions or kinds of weird doings. strange images of gods demons and all sorts of things that I had never before saw that the modernist revolution revolution indeed and legitimate Health on a global basis modernism was able to swamp the academic instruments or standards of exclusion past and present that is to say if you if you want to deal with the question of how na na Got into the picture answer is got in through the modernist Revolution, which let in all sorts of things which have never before been considered art at all keeping aunt in its place. Or was it reality that was kept from overgrowing Aunt and otherwise preventing off and reality from adulterating each other had distinct and important advantages. That is the economy really did something. We now look back at it with the Greyhound from Well, it's not contempt baps Amusement since they certainly turned out a lot of very bad paintings and sculptures, but the institutional Academy had an extremely important function which I've been trying to have lunch in the rain of the academy. Why do that art is art as had Reinhardt used to say over and over again and incidentally in the proposition that aren't is all out and not something else. That is not the psychology Matt the news not happening in reiterating that again, I guess Reinhardt. Determined enough to realize that what he was talking about, but he claimed in post-war American Academy Taurus. This is a utopian ideas. They only member of that Academy but it's running hot and cracked Sammy mate is publication record was good enough for a whole Academy, but that he was the only member since nobody would agree with him about what he meant by heart is at negative proposition, but that negative proposition did have a light to a very serious problem is the problem of how odd stops being on and become something else. If Aunt is on at then one knows what to aim for if one is an artist and what knows what to admire if one belongs to the odd public. I'm sure that most of you will agree that these who's serious questions today at the odd public does not know what to do. It's usually doesn't know what he want to do. At least it takes me a long time to find out. The economy is I say solve this problem one knows that the one new with that a picture with a picture not in some instances the object itself, which had infiltrated into the picture as in collage collage of instances of the adulteration of art with reality and other produce not a new kind of picture really but a new kind of reality that has the characteristics of art forms. Or we also have today reality substituted for a picture as in happenings on earth works on conceptual art. You don't have any more pictures you have new reality and these are apart of the revolution of the introduction of no one knew too that an object or an event that was in counted outside or not gallery for a museum with a real object or a real cars not something contrived for display not a kind of vagrant work of art active out of bounds. Which is a very serious political question today the contrivance by powerful agencies of the illusory events, which don't happen, but I made that happen and which therefore creates a kind of General Social schizophrenia that causes people to run their whether anything that happens really happened or wasn't cooked up in order to convince everybody that they did happen and therefore should result in increases in my Armament budget. What happens if things like that have been invented as works of art to replace reality? Just as we are hard to replace works of art is what I'm talking about. It's a A mixture of unadulterated mixture of Art and life example of relied on to serve a function of enclosing and or excluding instead of being functional S&M permanent, like Presto's running fence a 26 mile long negation offences. You have the oddest by an artist who uses the fence structure is an artwork, but it's really not interested in fences that happened to pick up the fences and part for now in the past tense is 1 + 1 Now we have a company called a gratuitous disappearing fence. That is a workable lot and was financed as a work of art. Admittedly the mixing of hot and reality is extremely Troublesome absolute never possible to say what is but it used to seem possible. today the B definition of Art cuz it's lost. Give me a tip precise label has been carried to its conclusion. No one can say conclusively. What is art and what is it? Kind of pit of art? All objects are simultaneously and not depending on what one may choose to do with them. That is to say Everything is Awesome. Potentially with the possible exception of conventional Landscapes and portraits and still lives other people still. Put that man on the living room wall is about the only thing you can be sure. this is another way of saying that artist cease to exist as an objective category of things and images are actually exist as a memory and there's an expectation that some new creation will awaken responses equivalent to those associated with Works descended to us from the past that it it seems perfectly evident that if it had not been in the past, it would never occur to us to go on painting pictures or writing music except perhaps on the level of the media media cause our heart How did your ability is not question because they entertain the whole society and they make a great deal of money for their creators and disseminated. So we don't have any problem about that. They are part of society of the justification in society. The real problem is why do people paint their actions should write poetry in the movie as of about which is rather dubious. I mean, it's obvious that everybody stop painting pictures tomorrow, that would not be riots in the any even in the museum that mean to just accept it with Equanimity then to the fall had come to an end, but some people continue It goes on and probably will continue to go on whether or not anybody knows what a ditch but is it something that that's dead people respond to and we'll try to match somehow in their own. Work until actually work out of try to match masterpieces Taste of a masterpiece painting that has a little of the character of the great Masters Renaissance. You feel perfectly happy so you can go on doing In some we now on today by what it does that it's a good to certain feelings and certain perceptions. Not by the company. It keeps its paintings are in Bob and I'll try to pour paintings and tell him about the Wii. We suddenly say well. this painting is lightning to me or Waking my cuz psyche or something something Grand took place when I looked at it and and that's where the art is that is it. Something? You cannot say that all paintings works a lot of the wall sculptures Alexa go out to eat. The only works to do something, highly. You might say yes specialized. nature to The Spectator that that constitute or today in them Well what I had to hear what it said something about. in the in the museums and art magazines the division between art and not has tended to be based on accident that is to say there is no longer any institutional division between art van up the definition of odd come about Add dominant impulse of the modernist revolution in a lot has been there breaking down of the barriers between works of art and other phenomena at once again, I mentioned collage is the most obvious example in that bits of reality were incorporated into the works in later on I'll tell us sandwiches if they were called which did the same thing with a sculpture that if you could take almost anything and he operated work a lot with the result that the work of art gobbled it up and so reality was turned into into hot rather amusing story about lactose. Talk to me by Saul Steinberg who gave a collage to a friend of his musician and his collage had a $10 bill in it. And some burglars came around Rob the musician Studio. They took his instruments everything else and I rep the $10 bill out of the collage. That is they immediately recognize the reality of the $10 bill instead of being fooled into thinking it was part of the painting so Steinberg took responsibility for this. He said I should have made a fake $10 bill in that painting. Apart from collage that many other instances of the encroachment of reality on painting in the last hundred fifty years, for example, the use of photographs by Della Crying by Akins. Another example is the abandonment of academic composition by Degas and other Impressionists in favor of equivalence of candid camera shots, not a profound transformation of art impressionist building that composition on the style of the Renaissance structure and instead Winchester a half of figure but shooting on the canvas and in the way that things look when you run into them on the street this song Movement from the action of composition to the random this position of object has a tremendous Revelation revolution rather an instance of Nana are taking over in the way things look in the way things are became the model of art latest schools of art performed that directly intervened in the life of the time futurism, which attempted to bring Italy into the 20th century. Donna which reacted against the culture that resulted in World War 1 surrealism, which abandoned article into its own statement in favor of psychic research. None art all the way in these movements then in the United States when Pollock speaks of a how it is quote when I'm in my painting. Or barriers and now, the artist feels that he in the painting is his environment. He's inside of it and it is guiding him in the how he paints and what he does on that the segregated piece of floor and then Provide the ultimate anti academic formula when he says or what is a way of life. That is where its form lies artist has his own life and he derives the forms of his from his life. Nothing could be more might say anti-art in the old sense of art as a a cannon or system leading to the realm of beauty. And of course, I don't have to tell you what happened to Buick. Modernism defeated the old Academy and demonstrated the narrowness of its realm of beauty, but the death of the academy did not signify the death or the end of all our efforts to mark off a separate realm for Aunt the purpose of the academy was inherited since the war by formalism formalism is a device for showing the continuity of art Hazard and nothing but a lot like the Academy of premodernism. It enforces traits derive from the art of the past ambulating exclusively to each genre that is formalism asserts that a canvas painting. Is painted on a canvas that a canvas has edges that it is flat that it is stretched on a frame that paint is applied to it. And so far in short formalism stabilizes art by assuring itself that a painting is not for example, a locomotive a horse that is very admirable that some people should try to keep on going on the basis of ingeniously empty propositions. Whether it's a list of Interest formulas and lies in wait for any new work in order to incorporate it into its isolated body of art and its own time regardless of the style of the work is subject matter or the intention of the artist to the formulas critic abstract expressionism 19th century American landscape painting conceptualism partake of the same Essence since he can discover and all of them the monotonous recurrence of shapes and colors on a rectangular support set within a frame. The formulas can choose either to close the door on work that failed on the line formulas concerns, for example, the total rejection by formalism in the sixties of artists ranging from Oldenburg to De kooning or he can admit blacks in any more true dissolving Nic content in the formalist bad example. The celebration of pop art by Robert Rosenblum and other formalist the chief should have talked too much about formula has been giving impression when I don't like it that cheap. Is to reassert that there is a thing called Art that can be separated from everything else in the world that's comforting philosophy is especially or has been especially attractive to auto dealers collectors curators and novices in Iran history. It would be pleasant to reinstate they clear-cut division between art and honor. But this can only be accomplished by deadening Bay modernist Consciousness, which recognizes the constant overflowing your boundaries between the heart that one region than that of another between the author of one class and then have another between the author of one culture may have enough that it would be nice for all this didn't take place but it does controversial entities by the advanced positivistic conception. Anything is a work of art and if if it appears in a space. Set aside for art and art gallery and mantelpiece a place roped-off right happening under this rule. The difference between now and Aunt is liquidated headed to say if the definition of a work of art is where you hang it or wear your place it or where you know it then there is no longer any difference between us. The identification of orange by location can however be contested since they are the active designation is a social one and therefore subject to repudiation who said that who said that Mausoleum is an art gallery. You don't have to accept the fact that this man is a dealer therefore he has in his gallery. His heart where did Abby Rockefeller acquire the authority to set up the Museum of Modern Art? The answer is they quieted from conventional or thinking in the United States during the Tronics in Moscow in the same decade neither. They nor their Museum would have been accredited and in the Soviet Union the contents of the Museum of Modern Rod would not be accepted it. Or it would be accepted as bad off. Radical happenings artists have denied the aesthetic Integrity of all museums and earthquake August have repudiated art galleries in their contest the decision as to what is odd that's rests on a social decision. Not on a metaphysical one as our ancestors believed who has not been dismayed to see the cost of art redirected by the concerted action of a few collectors dealers and Museum directors. These deviations may or may not have permanent effects, but the impermanent makes up a good deal a good pot of all aspects of Life at any rate definitions of odd by Society are subject to challenge. And this means that the difference between art and Nana is a polemical issue that is it something that we fight about and will continue to fight about that is not a problem that can be solved. It's a problem that can be pulled over and this is the only thing we can do is try to arrive at a better understanding what we're fighting about. But that's the question I go to that site. The president uncertainty regarding the status of works of art and the standards to be applied to the has stimulated the return the models whose status as Aunt seems to be on controvertible each day. My mail contains announcements of exhibitions of portraits interior Landscapes and still-lifes which would never have seen the light of day 20 years ago. That is the present backwood movement of Arts America and there is a backwash to Conventional art form is definitely related to this problem that we are discussing that it's people who got to feel well you can argue about this forever to let's just put up put up a mod on stop. Being ransacked by artist in search of styles not yet worn out by invitations pennings and developed out of tantric pattern Persian tiles ancient Indian Miniatures a fantastic eclecticism prevails in the galleries of all the capitals of the world based on the acquisition of skills practiced in all times and places. It is now exaggeration to say that the entire history of world. Is in the process of being reproduced as original works. The problem of Aunt and none of that is a blind to take notice of this constant parody that makes up shailaja part of contemporary creation is parody art or an accepted species of our kind of fit. We said that in the past the economy was successful in separating a lot from Nana. But that modernism would not tolerate this separation and infiltrated art with real things in a bench the modernist effort of enlarging heart with Monarch a placing things on the level of work continues today as if the academy was still in control, but the academy is not in control and the next revolution has erased all limits on what might be considered art what I'm getting at. How come you getting at is that the reason For a great many. Exhibitions of pour art and displays of gestures great many of the advanced forms of painting and sculpture have really lost their reason for being never stay they were very important that one time but they are no longer important because the job has been done. The revolution has been one of my existence except if it takes a new form as in the case of formalism. So there's really no reason for all this stuff maybe the stuff that prompted the organizers of this mini conference to give at the tightrope that they did. This is all I view Turn your dad said it is not of any world-shaking importance of any importance at all. When do Shawn presented his running mate in the north Gallery more than half a century ago. He was careful to specify that a ready-made was not art and that he had chosen his bicycle wheel is spayed is urinal without any trace of aesthetic preference if the ready-made became accepted as it would be society. That was responsible not he do shot made it perfectly clear that you're going to make this in the works of our society can't prevent itself from turning everything into work a lot, but don't blame me for it. I just happened to find these things in the hardware store. Ensure at the question in the truck. The ready-made was a question that Duchamp up the society. They question without an answer that would pass the Academy's power separation and exclusion and of course events have proven that he can no power to keep out the bicycle wheel in the urine on time at Albright the works of art have been duplicated with you. Tell them high prices until May the experiment that proved the case, but now on anyting could be a work of art because of society's aesthetic Passions. in the light of duchamp's successful challenge to the academy 2 please at 9:00 today as if radical results could still be obtained is anachronistic and distracting the time has come to transfer the academic modern antithesis art monarch. Avant-garde is Defiance will have to take other phone instead of judgement step resume the existence of a favorite category of objects. No longer have any foundation either in theory or practice Works should be judge today as intellectually interesting and meaningful or as emotionally moving is not possible to judgment any other faces. Thank you.