Well as a physicist, I'm interested in the hardware this game the gadgets of various sorts as a philosopher and theologian, which is the capacity. I've been asked to assume I'm concerned about the kinds of values the kinds of ethical issues that are at stake in appropriate technology. I listed to half a dozen of these first of which I just want to mention rather briefly since I think we're all essentially in agreement on the first three or four number one harmony with nature certainly one of the ideals the values in the movement one that's been neglected all too often in the major religious traditions of the west, but there certainly are resources in those Traditions that can be recovered the idea of stewardship of nature the kind of appreciation of the natural order that one finds in the Psalms and so forth XXX strong.Component in the attitude of humility that dr. Schumacher has expressed a kind of respect for the natural world the non-violence the general concern the integration of man and nature II value the significance of work. The Dignity of Labour. This is certainly been part of the western religious Heritage particular thrust of the concern for a fulfilling work. I find very powerful and I can shoot Marcus riding. I think we're all in agreement that it's one that is found all too seldom Inn in the industrial West the third value of self-determination. A conviction that people should have the maximum control over their own lives one of the motive certainly for decentralisation for local control for human scale for small unit. For group responsibility and the whole critique of the hierarchical and authoritarian character of most of our Western institutions. the forest value a very broad 1 a comprehensive vision of the good life in which material Comfort assumes a relatively small role in comparison with Relationships to people this is certainly a new set of values with simplicity at its Center and with an image of what constitutes human fulfillment. I want to spend a little longer on the 5th value social justice, which is certainly been of central concern in the Jewish and Christian Traditions as well as other religious traditions. and certainly it's one in which one can only be inspired by doctor Schumacher's concern for the third world for the gaps between the rich and the poor for developing cheap Technologies, which are available to the lowest groups in society, but I am more concerned about The appropriate technology movement in the United States. How can we prevent it from becoming a middle-class a movement Peter Gillen mentioned the first day that across the country. We have tended to be a middle-class quite relatively affluent group. This has been the the tendency of much of the environmental movement until relatively recently 74% of the members of the Sierra Club are college graduates and 39% have graduate degrees. This is a pattern that since we we could easily fall into as I look around I see rather few blacks here Too many people granted that one needs to cover the cost of a conference a $16 registration fee. Is neither small nor beautiful. Why won't one when needs to be realistic, it suits me 11 stamps the character of a movement by some of these indirect ways. I find a certain conflict Within Myself between the rural and the urban puppy technology has tended to be oriented towards the rural side. And rightly so feeling the cities are basically an unhealthy structure and that we want to encourage movement towards the countryside the rural ideal and yet most of the poor people in this country live in the cities and therefore I find it very significant that there are just within the last year or two. A groups interested in appropriate technology who's orientation is towards low-income groups towards the poor. There is MCAT the national Center for appropriate technology, which is just getting underway in Butte Montana. Wish I could shoot Micah mentioned yesterday and I want to cruise directors we have here today in Pottsville hear more about later. They received a $3 Grant from the Community Services Agency, which is the successor to oeo and is oriented towards Community Action Council Community Development groups and specifically towards the development of appropriate Technologies of Maximum used to low-income groups energy saving, for example, that is really practical for such City Center groups. This Carl has his Community Technology project in the inner city of Washington DC. There are the self-reliance Projects in New York and one in Minneapolis, which will hear about later these it seems to me are a very significant new development because I'm I am worried about the past character of the movement. I was reading recently report from one of the leaders back the leader of the appropriate technology movement in France who said that in there rural appropriate technology send her out of the first 500 people who had work there for either short or long times out of five hundred four or five at most came from Farm backgrounds and five or six from working-class background. I think this is a danger that we have to deliberately avoid and that leads me to the final question of political action. We tended to express individual Lifestyles after all the place we can start is with ourselves and new communities new communes again, we have the autonomy to start new patterns there. But have we tended to become too isolated? Have we tended to turn our backs on society? Have we had it that a real life example is the most important exemplification of a new Option and can therefore be a force for social change. How much do we want to get in specifically in political action? We need to for several reasons. Most people are trapped by the wreck their situation. If you got a large family in your poor, you don't have the freedom to move her up many options are only social options by public transportation. The power of the economic order is something we can only be combated through political process needs to ask me what kinds of level is their appropriate political action. We've discovered in the end. Are metal movement, but this is possible through Court action through citizen participation for public interest groups. The political route has made significant advances in environmental. Why not in 80 Affairs to what role can the federal government pay play in further sponsorship of local groups that give you 20 million to a ID for small technology if I can become more than just a small Rider on a big technology project, which is its danger. Are there a important aspects Decker what legal changes are needed because many of the laws are inimical to 80 either because of zoning laws building regulations various laws that need changes at the state level California has an office of alternative technology. Do we need to press for something like that in Minnesota since we the one needs to look sure at what we can do. Individual groups, but it seems to me there are also kinds of ways in which the federal and state government for all the dangers of that route need to be followed because after all your technology be used to be redirected towards human needs that is something which only a society as a whole can do so, I would say you don't abandon one or the other you need to start at the bottom, but maybe you also need to start at the top. Thank you. Thank you. Then I will hear from Jim Fitzgerald and the center for local self-reliance, Minneapolis. You heard a lot of talk about intermediate economic transition from Big models to small models to provide. When alternative use of energy for a transition to a more peaceful world well in the South Minneapolis saying that and people laugh at you in the city, we have some real situations and people are faced with a a real difficult situation that they don't have enough money to pay the bills that they have their gas bills or oil heat bills are rising to take away the money they have food and I say what can I do so myself in the group of people that constitute the center for local self-reliance are on tap to provide the information to the people in our neighborhood were concerned with making their ends meet that surviving through this year to next year and be able to continue and maintain whatever. Comfort level style of living that they've been able to maintain and keep it from being eroded in the light of the shortage of shortages of energy and food and water that we're facing cave. We have a contract with a funding agency from last year to insulate 30 homes in South Minneapolis. And we thought that there's a couple ways we could do that we could call up contractors and have them go to the first 30 people are applied for a grants or we could try to get the people more involved themselves helping themselves, maybe on a block or neighborhood basis. So what we've done is that a limit of how much insulation people can get for their houses to save Heat? and they contact us or we contact them on a door-to-door basis and person like me. I'm a little uncomfortable talking to somebody people at such a distance some more used to spending three hours with you in your living room talking about your house in what you can do with it to save some money. But hello anyway. Any help we go in and do an energy audit and see how their house is losing heat that it could be saving and tell them what they can do and they're usually three or four Alternatives in each situation of how they insulate veteran and conserve on the energy that the that they're using up without any real drastic change in in Comfort level another we've done 50 houses so far and we're about a third through with our program. So where we had an obligation to do 30. It's going to come out in a hundred and thirty and 150 people do a lot better on their own and being taken care of. Lee. We have some demonstration projects and solar wind and water energy conservation and and Reclamation. We finally built with a homeowner our first solar project. We have a low-power concentrator. There's a videotape downstairs at our exhibit base of the stairway next to control that is And what we did was take an interest that a homeowner had in solar energy and research what we could do with that interest to help that person meet their own needs. And so we got the technical information together which was surprisingly simple to understand in to put into effect designed and built the solar collector and it's up and it's in her backyard and belongs to her and she had you put in like 60 hours of work. I'm doing the project so she knows it inside and out. Slated for further development projects in using wood heat in the city as an alternative in a backup. We have a water conservation program where all the people who have participated in our insulation program. We contact them again with a little device called a water dam which conserves 2 to 3 gallons per flush in your toilet, which happens to be the place where you consume the most water in your house and I don't know if anybody is a aware of the drought that we faced last year that we Face even more severely this year. But our consumption in the city is greater than the flow of the river at its lowest point last year. There's something's got to happen. Why we do these things. Is based on her decision and it's obvious to us that communities self-help and people taking care of themselves is not an ideal to be work toward but a necessity if people are going to survive and we do live in the city. There are many people in the city and although many of the people in this room are middle-class and white and well-educated. There has been a whole lot of work done. Through the environmental Movement by a very small number of people somehow our political base has to be expanded and we're doing it on a face-to-face dated a real level in the neighborhoods. And I think I'll let it be at that there any questions were downstairs, and this will be open later. Will next hear dr. Dennis Holloway. Who is assistant professor in the School of Architecture, but also a well I should say closely associated. In fact, I guess directly responsible for the Ouroboros projects. And also a board member of the national Center for appropriate technology. Thank you. I appreciate you just say that Architects are never doctors. We are architects. I would say that I agreed with Tom Ray wholeheartedly that there's a very positive importance behind disillusionment that disillusionment which we in our society are not going through disillusionment means literally to cast off what was false to begin with and that's what we're beginning to see and experience in this is a very healthy thing is happening. There is an emerging fact that to me at least is profoundly disquieting and which I find in talking with many colleagues friends neighbors people might Community is apparently not donning on our Consciousness as as a as a whole and that fact emerges to last summer for me at least at the United Nations habitat conference in Vancouver. There is a fact emerging that by the year 2018 a half of the world's population will be living in what we call squatter settlements. These are the most inhumane kinds of environments. Anyone can imagine primarily concentrated now in the third world countries, these are mass migrations of people expanding population areas moving to big cities sit dos cities which are not prepared to cope and handle this influx. Now, I I feel that this is an enormous problem for us even in this society and we will begin to experience as in fact, we are experiencing it right now most of us in this room. I believe are not experiencing it personally, but we will be very shortly in a recent survey issued by the community services Administration. There was a fact also that 5 million families in the United States this last year every month fell short of being able to pay their Basic Energy bills by $79 at $79 per month for 5 million people every month this year in this is increasing course, you remember that in our on our economy. There's a Yeah, we go from the poor people through the middle income to the High people and I think Tom talked about the inequities of that curve. We're very shortly in the middle class in this in this Society beginning begin to experience that very problem. So it's important for that for those of us in this room who can put our energy into actively seeking this new direction for basic survival in society because we are among the flabia Societies in the world today and this is a very dangerous situation to be in There has been now created through some very important work of Senator Mike Mansfield previously the Senate Majority Leader Montana creation of a new National Center for appropriate technology. This became a reality last August. I was invited and accepted to become a board member of an organization. It is a non-profit tax-exempt Corporation and it is established to provide grants specifically for low-income projects that will benefit the poor. The community services Administration that is the new name for the old office of Economic Opportunity created this through a bill that Mike Mansfield push through and three million dollars for this first fiscal year is allotted to the ncat the national Center for appropriate technology. This will be divided in three ways. First million will go to Applications of appropriate technology. Those are energy conserving Technologies Alternative Energy food water conservation and purification those Technologies with your most important to the low-income community. And this will be distributed to the local cab agencies cdc's and also Grassroots appropriate technology groups as well as some institutions. I should stress that the emphasis of this money will be divided. Between rural and urban so that both of those problems which we've talked about his being split will be dealt with in addition a second million dollars will go for outreach education training of community workers in appropriate technology and a hotline. This is a toll free number for anyone in the country will be able to call in and get really good update information on available Technologies through a computer Bank. In addition. Some of this money will be going for supporting a regional newsletters. There are many original Publications on the appropriate technology move an already established and some of this money will be going to support and continue that work which is so vital to us all the transfer of information and finally 1/3. Another million dollars will go for technical research staff through the Montana make middle and misses of this is a good one magnet, Ohio. Dynamics research institution part of the responsibility in accepting this grant through the community services Administration was that one third of that money would go to what is called Meredith Meredith ago. The new staff was created an executive director Jim Schmidt himself a former CIA director for those of you don't know what c a p is you should very quickly find out Community Action Program. These are he is formally a c a p director from New York State and he is now hiring his staff for those of you who might find some interest in this area. You might contact him directly. There are several positions open. I think the staff of 30 is being created and that's still in process this month request for proposals are now being published and will be mailed in a very wide distribution in about two weeks to the Caps to cdc's the 80 grass. Which groups and institutions if you would like to be on that mailing list, I suggest you also contact and Cat this week. Finally. I should say that in a Montana meeting about 3 weeks ago. Dr. Schumacher agreed to act on our Advisory Board. And this makes us all very pleased. Of course since I should say that the whole impetus for this idea in the beginning came through his very important work and I would again Echo the thanks of for his attendance in our group meetings in Minnesota this week. I should also mention that I believe maybe I shouldn't say but this means that he would be with us at least once a year. I would say that we need now to go beyond in the region of Minnesota. We need to go beyond the formation of the information networks need to go on and get into a regional alliances and Tom Griffin has suggested through this April 1st meeting and in a catalyst time to begin to create that suggested this be a forum for discussing the organization of such an alliance Federation Coalition. Whatever name you want to call at. This is where we get our heads together and action rather than just verbally For those of you who would like more information on the ncat organization. I have several brochures here, which I can give to you later. Also there is there are copies of the Grant application what you might be interested in and I would also say that in the March 4th 77 issue of science. There's a very good recap article on the whole setup of MCAT. How is created in work is planning to go. Thank you. Mr. Al Rutan from the route on research of Stillwater, Minnesota I am wondering if it was by accident or by deliberate plan. That the science museum people who put together this conference said to themselves. after two days of very heavy Rich organic thought We will have this fellow can tell us how to make gas. We're getting close to the end of the conference. As the Project Director of Rutan research the main thrust of our endeavor. Is along the lines of applied science? We want to show people exactly what they must do in order to make the conversion of organic waste into a very good fuel call methane or more commonly Natural Gas. My academic background did not motivate me to delve into this but the thing that did. Was the fact that for some years I lived in the state of Montana and I was on the edge of the western coal fields. And while many people feel that the great reserve of coal is a tremendous Boon in an energy crunch. Those of us who lived in that area. Where are filled with fear? At the thought of what would occur? with massive disturbance of that ground the thing that most people do not understand is that the the area geologically is so fragile. That when you dig large ditches from which you take the coal. You destroyed the ground surface water table for literally thousands of square miles. And that any talk of reclaiming the land particularly in that fragile area is sheer nonsense. That land will be turned into a virtual desert. And if we sing the song This Land Is Your Land This land is my land. And we have any sense of stewardship on the implication. of disturbing that part of the world And bringing about the grief consequences that will ensue. We need to look to other ways. So early in the game, I became convinced that one of the most thoughtful solutions to an energy problem is to raise fuel crops of various kinds. In fact, there's a wide spectrum when we consider the the range of fuel crops. I became particularly interested in the possibilities of natural gas methane which can be produced in a tank on location. Because in that area which has many animals we had the the waste from the animals the manure readily available. It was all around us. It was a constant problem has to be removed source of disease. It's stinks you have to do something with it. We had lots of it. There are days when the sun doesn't shine such as today and there are days when the wind does not blow. But there is never a day when you go out to your Critters. So I began building small to jesters and the thing that impressed me was really how easy it is to make the process work. If something that's very natural you saw from mr. Insulin slides this morning in China was talking about Marsh gas cooking on their stoves with it the energy agency here in the in the city told me that there are now in China having them built within the last 5 years 1/2 million of those small plants. And people say well, I didn't know anything about that actually in our life. We're surrounded with this gas. It occurs in the sewers that occurs in the septic tanks every sewage plant of medium and small size. Creates methane gas for my exhibit at the State Fair couple years ago. I got the slurry from the sewage Planet Hastings. If you want to see methane gas on a larger scale you take a little trip to Hastings or any one of the small towns in the outlying areas. They'll be at the jester built at the Blake plant down by Chaska. So the thing is real, but the problem that I have had as an individual becoming interested in this and and developing a task and enthusiasm that I hope to share with others. Is to try to convey the concept that this is not a magic show when various people would come to the house in which I had a demonstration running last summer at Annandale Sugar Lake. We'd like we'd like the burner and everybody knew that the gas was coming from the 200 gallon fuel oil tank in which there was a slurry out in the garage and they look at that good clean hot Fuel and they say that's unreal. Well, it's not unreal. It's just the fact that we in our rather limited scope of energy possibilities have not been considering this and doing much about is as an individual directing this educational Endeavor now a nonprofit organization called root and research and very very fussy about the design the design of the system is the key to whether it works in our latitude. The countries such as India. Have a very warm climate and so the system works very easily to make it work in Minnesota North Dakota Montana. This is much more difficult, but it's not impossible. We remind people of the Icehouse that existed before the days of electrical Refrigeration. You kept ice all summer long. No power. Just good design. I remember the symbolism that the Romans used of long ago of many small sticks bound together. Which produced a very strong instrument to do whatever that individually the sticks could be broken, but once tied together in a bundle, they became quite strong. And so this is why those of us who are interested in sensible Technologies. Really do need to bind ourselves together in some sort of an association a federation a coalition and bring about a concerted effort to have the thoughts which were presented over these last two days really take hold so that people may see that they do make sense. Okay, the last panelist to present to comment today would be Dennis Kelly from the big Outdoors people. Thank you. I'm the last panelist and it's somewhat typical and striking a v another situation. I was in where I should have picked up the tail end of the program. I got in and of the wire R Buckminster Fuller was in town here actually, but three or four years ago now and the Northwestern National Bank had brought him in and we call the bank or the pr agency that was handling the arrival of mr. Fuller. And we said look we're building geodesic domes. That's a Buc-ee's lawsuit. We sure like to get in talk to him to the only possible way you can do it is to give him a ride out to the airport. That's fine. So looking at our Buckner's Fuller's designs. We noticed that he had a dymaxion car when she developed in the 1920s and it would have been difficult to top that in terms of his transportation for said to give it a go anyway, so we called the classic Automobile Association. And we screwed up a 1939 Packard twelve cylinders about 15 ft long shining just a beautiful machine. You were standing down in the Bank lobby and as the chauffeured limousine pulls up open the door for mr. Fuller he gets in on my partner get in and myself and we take off and go about 10 feet in the car kills. Mechanic gets out. As soon as a chauffeur gets out rolls up the accordion Hood in the flashing the lights very dramatic site comes back in the car and says it's dead. We're going no place. So I'm trying to be resourceful. We hailed on a taxicab taxicab comes in stops get in the car. We Pile in immediately go through a red light my chance for a conference with mr. Fuller lead over to the taxi cab driver and I say say, this is R Buckminster Fuller here. Could you slow down? So we grabbed the upholstery of the cabin were silent all the way to the airport and that was kind of how that went. But I'm here today and I are part of the big Outdoors people are a local company and we're first and foremost manufacturers and designers of Judas of Domes and alternative support systems. And I thought it very important that at least I got up here today and made a representation because I believe we exemplify what Mr. Schumacher has been talking about for the last couple of days and then his writing in his books. Also mister mister Fuller of course is also been a prime mover in organization along with a man now known as still know when I guess says Joe Scanlon the our company is a low-tech or medium technology corporation, which we developed and we started about four and a half years ago with the basic premise of creating a alternative living system starting with the Judas at Gomez The Catalyst and from this Catalyst. We hope and we aren't anticipating and we're continuing our research and create an environment that allow operate if not completely independent of normal fossil fuel resources at least as supplementary bases to it. So we took this basic premise of the Dome and we decided to form a company of small normal Corporation. We're not a non-profit organization, Although our balance sheet would indicate different. And through the process like I say more or less using some of Fuller's Concepts initially, but he started develop the the company in the first year was primarily research and development. How is the market relate to this particular product? And how does the product relate to the people? It's the first thing we looked at the resources involved. We wanted to build a structure of wood a renewable resource people could relate to it. They could alter it. They could change it they could turn it into a lit to their particular needs you have a dome in itself is a mathematical sentence structure involving technology. But the fact that it is of a renewable resource that can easily be too old and changed. The other Factor was that it was designed for the owner builders. If not, the owner Builders at least contractors could plug into an on a basis where the labor was minimized over there's a deficiency of the design the right design the right couplings the right connectors to maximize the efficiency of the total system. Next we plugged into the the Dome structure the various insulation capabilities, and we got this whole thing together and we said, okay, let's put it into production. Okay, we opened up having followed in the sun spoiler Thomas to this point. What do we do? How do we produce it Where Do We Go From Here? What type of scale do we use letting mrs. Schumacher has been very instrumental in directing Us in this particular situation put the unit into production and being a low Capital oriented company people was is and was our best resource. So we plugged into the people. We now have 25 people in a production setting and the production studying is almost entirely hand tools that so long as to expand our operation or innocence D escalator that will another interesting thing that came into play here during our innocence. Our progression was that our production facility was in Minneapolis in a warehouse District. We were talking about these various activities throughout the throughout the day here whether we're starting a methane plant or we're starting a organization. How are we going to capitalize this? We've been to the sba's and that we've been to the banks and you go to the SBA the government and they all say all right will match a portion of your Equity while we've got $10. So they'll give you a v i can't go too far and it doesn't buy too many tools. So it had to capitalize our efforts on a Sweat Equity position the people at him involvement been involved in the company have worked it virtually in a substance wage level has the needs arise food clothing Etc. You know, they were taking care of weave Central Prison ourselves a little bit above that where people can or less guaranteed to have a guaranteed income situation at least on an hourly basis are in a wage so that situation of someone's been alleviated. but the total situation with the Sweat Equity these people have been with us. Now. How do we repay them for their efforts? I mentioned the Scanlon with other several programs here and how to treat employees and how is ownership taken care of we're investigating the was called the Scanlon plan right now which relates to productivity and it relates to productivity From The Bottom Man to the top man and this goes through a complex of formulas relating to cost but as the prophets or so-called prophets become available in his productivity increases a ratio is established throughout the entire company where the manor production gets the same percentage ratio of the profits as the man in the saying a management position. We're looking into this like I say as a possible distribution of the productivity growth. I guess I would just like to probably relate to my situation as the owner and and developer all the big Outdoors people as a really kind of a example I can say what Schumacher and Fuller and Scanlon some his other Visionaries, but none of our times have been working with her. I think it's remarkable that speakers have been able to confine themselves to a very tight time span. The next speaker will be Mister Tom Griffin associate editor of the earth journal and Minnesota Geographic Society of Minneapolis. The general point of Maya short remarks will be this. I think we have reached a point in the state of Minnesota where it's time for us to organize. the administrators the business people the communicators and the Democratic elements into a stronger deeper organization that exists at the moment. For 7 years now. Many of us have been struggling against enormous odds. After seven years. It has been possible for me to obtain a grant a small Grant from the Minnesota Energy agency. to build one project for $7,000 Wild of course at the national level other people get hundreds of millions of dollars to do things would seem to me very curious. I'm grateful for $7,000. But let me tell you ladies and gentlemen, it's time that we organized ourselves so we can get something. That gives those of us who are facing an insecure future and let us never forget that 20% of the people who live in the United States and by analogy those who live in The State Journal e 3% of the income. while the top 10% or 30% you cannot live year after year after year with that kind of insecurity. And so the time has come thanks to this propitious moment. When dr. Schumacher has come to Minnesota for us to carry on the work that has begun here today? And so the proposition I am making is this. Let those of us. Who want to carry this work forward meet again on the 1st of April at a site which I will designate by letter to you. What you want what you should do is join us. I am a ad hoc representative today for an association of appropriate technology. But we must gather together and start determining our own fate independent of the other forces which are at work in the society now. April 1st remember that day I hope it is not the proper. It's not an appropriate that it happens to be sometimes I feel foolish. Sometimes I feel foolish and it recommending the things that I do I go to agencies and say we should do this. We should have more creameries in Minnesota. We should have more breweries that are owned by people in Minnesota people. So well, the market forces are controlling everything. What can I do? I feel full ocean saying that but there must be those Among Us who realize that if our destiny is going anywhere, we must take control of the Rings and we must do it now. So April 1st will gather we will have a sign-up sheets on the tables outside this door to my right behind that door. Join us if you can Tell the work that we have done in the Minnesota Earth Journal that began on a note of skepticism about American Life. I'm not so skeptical skeptical as I was once but remember but this about skepticism it brings you back to your senses. Greek Skeptics of our people at least who didn't doubt their senses they may have doubted something beyond that but they were aware that their senses told him something they told him common sense. So we began in skepticism because we saw the decline of Minnesota breweries. We saw the decline of Creamery. We know now that you produce milk products in one part of state and driving to Minneapolis. That doesn't make any sense. So now is the time to begin. Now what shall we do at this first meeting? My suggestion would be this. We first examine the possibilities of joining the intermediate Technology Group in California that we take seriously the suggestion of mr. Gillingham that there's some way that they can assist us in beginning to do more for ourselves do more for ourselves. El secondly, I'm presently negotiating if that's the right word. I suppose it is now with government to even with your own government. You have to negotiate I feel that I No, I think we're part of what we might call the fifth world, you know the first and second world. I don't know where they were. The third world was somewhere over in Africa. The fourth world was Mister Schumacher's notion that the the people's 11. These other countries have their own technology while I'm the I'm the sons of the people who created the world. I live in now and I believe I'm in a fifth world. We have to decentralize or slow down life that's peculiar to the Western world where people go around say slow down and take it easy, but at the state legislature, there is the possibility. It's still remote that we may be able to bargain for a 250 or $500,000 a year and I hope if we negotiate a well for 10 years out of a special fund attacks fun from the cigarette tax ironically. the weekend apply we can apply this money. Do the the strengthening of Community Development corporations in the state of which there are many to the Center for local self-reliance, which you heard from just a moment to go to other groups. But we need to be organized that we need to get together. We may need to determine what our path will be and I'm very grateful to dr. Schumacher five years ago. I read a short essay about him after I had taken a trip to Stockholm for the conference on human environment there in which he said in this has struck me as a kind of message in my dreams almost when he said He questioned this is the road to Prosperity the road apiece. And I'll tell you today that has an almost a 40 year old man. I can tell you I don't believe that anymore and we're going to have to do something different together. So I hope you will join me and the rest of us. On April 1st. We will let you know it will be in Minneapolis as many of you. Don't know the town well enough in the West Bank and a place called The Firehouse. Let us get together. Let us make a start as dr. Schumacher has made. Thank you. Dr. Schumacher for coming to Minnesota. We appreciate it, and I hope God will bless our work. Thank you. Just to set the stage for the final and concluding remarks of this conference. Will not be an extended. This car says we've had yesterday evening or earlier today. We've asked dr. Schumacher to provide us with a brief summary of His Thoughts. But not frankly specifically in the sense that we mention here Man dates for Minnesota's future. It's not frankly in the nature of his mission that he gives specific directives about what you ought to do and so on and so forth It's left to a local initiative. In these matters, I guess the way he expresses it that his his function is to make a viable future. visible in the present I think that roughly 500 people there's a great sense of awareness. That change is in the air. And in spite of all our many different beliefs and Customs we do have at least a shared concern for that future and find a great deal of solace in the philosophy and essentially nonviolent nature that dr. Schumacher so typifies. So without further Ado until it should understand. We'll ask him to do a brief summary on in his on. inimitable style if you will, dr. Schumacher Play the latest ladies and gentlemen. I feel quite overwhelmed that I don't quite know what to say as far as this this conference is concerned. Doing the just preceding session. I heard the starting gun. I have phone I can't remember ever having attended. the session which move me and exhilarated me as much as what we felt after lunch. and when the starting gun has sounded talk federally stop because action begins anyway, talk from me. Summing up, I think. I hope we shall never gets snarled up in was. And worry too much. Are we going to speak about intermediate technology or appropriate technology office of Technology on people's technology names? How is the Buddhist would say? The finger pointing at the moon but not the Moon. What it is really all about? Is what I called in rather complex language. the reintegration of the human factor into the production of the processes we have fun. Had to at least a hundred years past 200 years where I was starting point. Has been production or for that matter profit. and to humans Well, that means of production. As soon as a businessman, I've heard it all from saying surely. My job is to eliminate the human factor because it's too difficult. And if we can automated eliminate the human factor anyway, it's not my responsibility but becomes of the human facts. I met a doctor who was studying bilharzia very nasty disease in Africa and then finally through you mentioned his task was to find somewhere possibility of breaking the cycle through to do away with the professor will disappear and he came to a similar conclusion as we We had stun and Industry in the development of our technology the best point at which to break. The cycle is the human factor if we could only do away with people then the disease would also disappear and then production can really flow but that has has turned out to be not so very clever. No, I'm just we've become really conscious of what the human factor is. we develop I think also new attitude to what government can do what bureaucracy is can do that most of the human factor requirements that cannot do the human factor must be looked after by human beings. Face-to-face can't be looked after by organizations. and I hope that's a somewhere very likely here in the United States one state made take a real initiative and say a lot of the things that goes out of cheese by bureaucracies. And done badly not for want of trying of the individuals. But because the organization's are big and bureaucratic for doing it. A lot of these things are to be returned to private voluntary organizations. Of which this country like my country is very very full. who all very often very frustrated because they are very inefficient. Where the government is very efficient and they are very efficient where the government is very inefficient. Where is the government efficient in fundraising? They're the volunteer organizations are very inefficient. And where is the government inefficient? income spending the Dixie on welfare purposes Because that's pending cannot be done if an efficiently by bureaucracies and Rule books that too many hard cases too many complexities too much law doubtful things. Where is the volunteer organizations are very good at that they can actually visit people and find out meet people as people. So I would hope that this approach intermediate technology or whatever. You might call. It not is not going to be sort of as milia Hardware approach but will also lead to a reconsideration of the respective roles of government and voluntary organizations. So that The troops The Defector we've got a real chance to do their work, which is now largely frustrated and the burden themselves will be greatly relieved of public funds and private boundary effort. Well, I think this gentleman you have to Future at your feet and I wish you luck. Thank you.