The service ksjn in Minneapolis and st. Paul 1330 on your dial. Time now is 12 noon will introduce our studio guest in just a moment. But let's take a look at the weather briefly first and the weather is generally fairly Pleasant around our area. This New Year's Day cloudy skies are the rules but mild temperatures with readings primarily in the twenties all across the state of Minnesota in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul area. The forecast is for mostly cloudy skies this afternoon with a chance of a few flurries. The high will be right around 30 degrees 29 is the latest greeting. When's will be northwesterly in about 10 to 20 miles an hour today tonight. Mostly cloudy with a chance of flurries, but turning partly cloudy later on the low tonight at 8 to 16 above and tomorrow should be a great day with partly cloudy skies and a high forecast in the low twenties National Weather Service has issued an updated forecast for the state of Minnesota. And if you're traveling today, you might want to know that the forecast calls for a chance of light snow or flurries. Primarily in the north today with temperatures steady or falling to the middle to Upper teens by late this afternoon that's in northern Minnesota in the South temperatures will reach the middle twenties too late 30s or so. Then tonight 10 below is forecast for Northern Minnesota 15 above in the South tomorrow. Looks like a nice day. Statewide partly cloudy skies with highs from 10 in the North to the bodies in the South Valley Department of Transportation advises that the main highways and interstates throughout Minnesota are in good winter driving conditions today with some scattered slippery spots many secondary roads, however are in poor condition because of the quantity of snow that we had last Tuesday and because of slippery spots, so they're recommending slower speeds and caution when driving particularly on the secondary roads this New Year's weekend. If there is anything in your New Year's resolution about weight loss or cholesterol control or just plain good nutrition then stay with us during this hour. Joanne slavin is here to answer your questions about nutrition. She is an extension nutritionist from the University of Minnesota. She has a doctorate in nutrition science Joanne. What kind of general advice would you give to people as a sort of a Prelude here before? We open the phones for listener questions. Well, I think I'd like to structured around the dietary guidelines for Americans. That was a group of guidelines put out by USDA in 1980, and these mostly deal with moderation different kinds of dietary habits that they would recommend moderation in what kinds of activities well mostly and just eating less of certain things certainly eating less calories would be important but also eating less fat eating less sugar eating less sodium in Going down on alcohol are probably a few people who wish they had done that last night. I eat less of certain thing. Okay. If you have a question about diet or nutrition by all means give us a call or telephone number is 227-6002 276 thousand is the phone number and Joanne slavin will answer your question about nutrition and diet. How much less should we eat you think on average? I think it depends on obviously how overweight people are in a large proportion probably half of the American public is overweight. So for these people they could make a stand it to make a big cut and what they eat probably a third of as many calories are even half as many calories as they're taking in but I think for most people it's just a matter of eating better calories rather than eating picking the kind of foods. They do get their calories from better sources sources that are lower in fat and Lauren sugar such as well. Just encouraging people to eat more fruits and vegetables more refined grains cutting down and really high fat foods such as whole milk fatty Meats things that are very high in fat nut. Just cutting out meat and cutting out milk, but picking the low fat ones that are lower in calories is on the line that have questions for you. So you put your headphones on and we will go to our telephone callers high you're on the air. If you do miss me, yes, sir. This supposed to have extended the life of rats by 50% or something like that. I'm sorry. I'm not familiar with DHEA. Are you sure? That's the right then? I think I heard the last week. Anyway, sorry I can't help you in for Joann's waving. Hi. Go ahead, please sure vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stored in the liver. So your body can keep storing it and keep storing it and in in large enough quantities, it's going to be toxic and the problem with vitamin A is people don't realize that they assume all vitamins are good and you need vitamins, which is true, but they tend to overdo it. I think one thing to realize it was really hard to overdo Vitamin A with eating Foods. The only way to really do it is to take a vitamin A supplement. So it's very unlikely or probably impossible unless you would eat polar bear live. Only a few sources of liver that are that high in vitamin A that could actually be toxic. At what level? 200k generally, they don't see symptoms of vitamin A toxicity unless you're taking 10 times. What would be in a multivitamin for say six months? It's a long-term thing at the storage of vitamin A. So if you took a multiple vitamin everyday, you wouldn't find a toxic, you know, any kind of toxic problems. It's when you're taking at least 10 times the recommended amount and for a long. For 6 months or more or the new way of looking at that used to be a minimum daily and minimum daily requirement and we really don't know what that is. So now we talked about the rdas are the recommended dietary allowance, which is more of an allowance. So we talk of 10 times the RDA. What is that for Aiden? For vitamin A and it would depend what shall I think the what's in labeling FDA which is in charge of labeling. It would be 800 international units. The units are different on vitamin 800 but there's also another way of looking at vitamin-a, which is retinol equivalent. So it would depend what kind of label you have. But if you look on like any kind of nutrition labeling on a milk or other products that have it it'll list what it is there and what is in that specific food, but if you look on you could also look on a vitamin bottle and it would tell you what the hundred percent are Pas right people that routinely take a lot of vitamin A but now I would say if you continuously take more than ten times then you're you're looking for trouble, right? Going to do anybody any harm though. I think people should recognize though that if they do eat a wide variety of foods, they don't probably don't need it. A lot of people say well, I don't eat very well. So I feel better taking it. So it's not going to hurt you. What I would recommend is that you do go out and get the cheapest multiple vitamin you can cuz if there really isn't any difference and take that but don't overdo it you're at your feeling though is that people can get all the vitamins and he just from eating is that right in the make those food choices? I don't think it's that hard myself. But what we have opportunity for those of you who I have questions to put them to Joanne slave in this noon to 276 thousand is the telephone number if you would like to ask a question about nutrition or diet or control of your weight problem or cholesterol or whatever the issue might be for you to 276 thousand. And Joanne slavin from the University of Minnesota extension nutritionist will answer your question. Now we talked a little bit at the beginning Joanne about some of the general things that people ought to do witches eat in moderation eat less. How about specifically now? Let's talk about fiber specifically that is a popular subject it in recent months. How much fiber is good for you? Why do you need it? And what are good sources of it? Okay. Fibers at Tuffy because there's not a good method to measure fiber in the the method that we have to measure it is it just measures only about half the fiber so if you look on labels, it's usually not labeled how much fiber cuz we can't measure it. Therefore. We have a problem telling people how much to eat but we generally say is eat more in the way you get that is to eat fruits and vegetables and whole grains cuz you only get fiber in vegetable products. There's none in me. There's none in milk. So the whole idea of increasing fruits vegetables and whole grains nuts anything and eating the appeals don't take all the pills off don't take the crusts off eat the out outside layer cuz if you look at weed or any kind of grain the fiber is in the outside, so you want to go for whole wheat bread and not refined white products. We're more listeners with questions. No on nutrition. So go ahead your next please. Nutrition for children in particular. I know that many adults are becoming more aware of good nutrition requirements in trying to eat less than cells and choose better Foods at least people are starting to think about this but I'm often told by parents that they have a lot of trouble getting their young children. Well, especially as the children go from 81 to age to I hear this time of complaint that well I have to buy them the sugar cereal because they won't eat anything else and it seems to follow along the lines that although for the for the adult they're willing that that adults you need less. They're worried that their children RTD enough and so they feed them foods that aren't necessarily the best. All right to enslave when you're coming on that. I think that's common that parents I think when when children are babies, they tend to eat a lot and then they get to state is where they don't eat very much. And parents are worried and think they're not eating enough. So they'll feed kids anything to get food in but I think most research shows that children will if they're hungry they will eat so it's really not necessary did come up with sugar and cereals are things that you think that they probably would prefer over vegetables. I know for myself that I've seen parents that have children if they only offer more nutritious foods that sooner or later children are going to eat those and they're going to get used to him. I think when you run into even more problems as when kids go to school or when they start watching TV when it might be harder as a parent to convince them to eat the foods you consider more nutritious. It must be a lot of peer pressure on parents to pick out the attractively colored sugar cereals in the supermarkets that are shown on TV that all the other kids get to eat. And so I must be tough for parents to resist that I think it is it sits and children at that age. The only thing they're going to hear is advertising if they're sitting in front of the TV. You're not going to think that vegetables are good cuz nobody's on TV telling them that vegetables are good. So it is hard when children's friends get stuff. It's hard for parents to say no you can't have it and then the grocery stores are set up to where kids see it and when they know if you do take your it's usually better not to take your kids shopping. So you don't have the urge to buy it. Is there anything really horribly wrong about those. No, I don't. I think that's the thing. We liked it as a nutritionist. There's no food. That's really terrible. I mean FDA does regulate food that's on the market. So if it's on the market, it's safe. There's never a question whether it's safe are question would be whether it's nutritious and is it high in fat isn't high in sugar and I think for serials the thing we were pushing are whole grains. So we want to go to the least processed cereal. So I think a lot of people will argue will my kids won't eat that so they need the sugar to taken and they won't take any cereal at all. So it's not going to hurt you. It's just not something we would recommend that that's all you eat eat a wide variety. It's okay once in a while. I'll write another listener with a question for Jo-Ann. So you can go ahead. Please call bit about term called vitaminosis. Vitaminosis. Okay. Where did you hear that? And I have a friend who told me that I could end up as vitaminosis if I can continue this for. Of time. I'm not familiar with that term what it could refer to. This is a fairly new area. It's kind of interesting because when you think about it say 20 years ago people didn't take vitamin supplements like they do today. So we really don't know what the effects of taking large doses of vitamins for a long time what that might be referring to is that as people take large quantities of vitamins their body does adapt to it and they may need more vitamins. For example, someone that takes a lot of vitamin C for a long time and then decides that they're going to quit doing that can have like a scurvy something that is usually only caused by a lack of vitamin C because their body has adapted to this high level. So that maybe what the person was driving and I'm not sure. Okay. Thank you for calling we'll move on to our next question, please. My first question is about caffeine and I've never I've never heard any thing real solid about why caffeine is bad for you. Okay, I think. It depends who you are, whether it's really bad caffeine. Like all food additives is generally regarded as safe. So it's not like it's not going to hurt you in small quantities. I think we're more concerned is for certain population groups. Probably the most concern is for pregnant women because there is research in animals mostly some in humans the most mean animals that high levels of caffeine can cause birth defects in women that consume large quantities of caffeine, but the problem with these experiments is that these women that do that a lot of times drink a lot of alcohol and smoke and don't eat very well. So it's hard to say that the caffeine actually causes that but we still we recommend that pregnant women cut down on caffeine and not consumed in. There are people that consume 10 cups of coffee a day and that we wouldn't recommend for pregnant women and the other is probably with children drinking a lot of thumb. Kolkin beverages like that that have caffeine that the caffeine is a drug is a stimulant. So we probably don't want children to ingest a lot of it. I'm one of those 10 cup of coffee a day by the question is are there any any adequate SC hear about hair analysis test to determine whether you're receiving adequate nutrition or whether you're lacking in certain minerals or vitamins are those that's a good question. I think a lot of people want some kind of nutritional profile. They say I'm not sure I'm eating right? How do I find out a lot of people say well have your hair analyze cuz that's a simple procedure and that's nice and it sounds good. But the only thing hair analysis can really tell you is if you have any mineral toxicity Nick can tell you a little bit about your Trace elements status, not a lot. So we it's not a good test. A lot of people are doing it and I think it's very much missed use. I always tell people the first thing they should do if they want to find out what their nutritional status is sit down and calculate what's in their diet or have a dietician or nutritionist help them and if they're diet is low in certain nutrients. And they should be concerned about those nutrients. But if their diet is good, then they don't have to worry about it. But then after that step after you've looked at your diet, there are blood test urine test other tests to look for specific nutrient deficiencies, but hair analysis really is not a good method for that. 18 minutes past twelve Joanne slavin is with a sixth rent extension nutritionist at the University of Minnesota. We do have a couple of lines open now in Minneapolis Saint Paul Area if you have a question to 276 thousand is the phone number to 276 thousand. If you get the busy signal at some point during the broadcast try again because we clear through these calls rather quickly and we have another caller standing by go ahead, please visit Miss slavens. Yes, it is. No I work for the University of Minnesota trace minerals are there was an article recently by Jane Brody. I believe in the most of you but eventually dresses but she did mention that was quite Percentage of people certain group of teenagers and low and zinc didn't get enough and have a deficiency in their blood. So what do you think? It might be a wise idea for people to supplement their diet and also the chelated minerals. I noticed in the ass for minerals and elated minerals medium or whatever. They should use the Kool-Aid and also if there's any danger disadvantages of a AR-15 more potent than might be easier to read the toxic level, but I don't hang up. Okay, I think Trace elements are fairly interesting. Is that the new research area and we don't know a lot they tend to come together though with the whole grains are good sources of zinc. So if you do increase whole grains eat some lean meats and certain vegetables, you can get more than enough zinc, but I think probably the research you alluded to with the teenagers as teenagers don't tend to eat that kind of food. So it's possible they would be low in zinc one problem with supplementing just zinc is there are so many other Trace elements that how many should you supplement? I mean, you could supplement iron you could supplement selenium. Do you need to supplement all of them? So I guess you can I would agree that our party line and nutrition is to say it would be better to get the nutrients from the food because we don't know all the nutrients you need. I don't think that I would have no problem with someone taking a zinc supplement as long as it was not more than the recommended daily or the RDA the recommended dietary allowance of 15 mg per day. I think that would be okay. I guess I don't see that it's necessary. If you do eat the wide variety of foods your second question about the chelated mineral that's fairly interesting to me as a lot of people are marketing chelated minerals and there's a lot of research on what affects absorption of these different Trace elements in there is some research that there's interactions between the trace elements. There's interactions between nutrients. It's it's a very complex area and I don't think there's enough understood to recommend chelated minerals over other ones now as a supplement, so I I guess I wouldn't go out and buy chelated minerals myself, but I know a lot of people are selling them and they seem to be really popular. What is the term chelated minerals mean and how does it differ from a normal mineral? Well minerals have a charge. I mean they're they're like ionic so calcium and iron are like there are charged like they are chemically so chelated ones are hooked on with something else and Where is differences in absorption with different minerals in it? And it does a fan of the chemical structure does affect it so that may be of importance. But I think again the best way to get around that is not to go out and buy these supplements in different forms. Just get it from your food unless you have a strong aversion to halfway nutritious Foods. Sounds a little esoteric. I think we have another listener with a question for Joanne slavin. Go ahead you're in here next and that it isn't recommended by doctors and so forth, but I know a lot of people that have lost a lot of weight and really recommend it and what what do you think about it? Well, I guess I talk to a lot of people about the Cambridge diet and I always say I would love to talk to him in a year and if they've kept the weight off then I'd be real impressed with it. I think y'all really glad that people can find a way to lose weight cuz I know it's really hard thing to do. I guess it concerns me though that some of the literature that the Cambridge diet people put out suggest that you have to stay on a liquid diet or the rest of your life partial liquid diet, maybe a couple meals a day and I just have a hard time believing that the long-term solution to eating problems that I just feel like you have to change something not just go on a liquid diet. That would be the complaint I have about it. I think for it's a 330 calorie diet the liquid diet. So it is really low. So I think if you're going to consume 330 calories is it's a fairly good mixture they've tried and was it a good mixture of carbohydrates proteins and fats and it does contain all the recommended minerals and vitamins that are that we know so I don't think it's a bad diet that way but I just guess it concerns me that I don't see it as a long-term solution. 330 calories that really is not very much to eat. Is it now that's probably less than most people have for breakfast. It's very small amount. It does cause very rapid weight loss which people want. I think when you're losing weight the slowness of the process is very discouraging and you're sitting there in 1 and 2 pounds a week. If you've got 50 lb loses you want to lose more than that on the Cambridge diet people report 10-15 lbs, they'll lose cuz it's so low, but again, the whole problem is are they going to keep it off? The people are that are on fad diets generally gained it right back again when they go back to their old ways. Alright another listener with a question for our nutritionist. Joanne slavin. Go ahead, please. Cook beets or applesauce or spinach vs. Spinach and the salad that kind of thing. I think that depends a lot on how you cook it and what nutrient you're talkin about if we talk about fruits and vegetables and water soluble nutrients if you boil vegetables for a long time in water and you throw out the water you can lose a lot of the water-soluble vitamins, it could be significant. So that's why there are recommendations to boil things are just steam things and not use a lot of water and don't overcook cuz usually the longer you cook things the more nutrients you lose. So that's one advantage of eating things fresh with fruits and vegetables that you can eat raw. You don't have any of these cooking losses. There's a whole other side to that that you can argue and that's the idea of Frozen canned and fresh in Minnesota. Is it better to eat a canned spinach in Minnesota or buy spinach that's been flown in and it has Has been sitting around and that's it's kind of a mixed bag. They're frozen and canned vegetables tend to be processed when they're at the highest nutrient level. So sometimes they're actually even higher than the fresh the really varies if you look at the research that's been done. It varies for different fruits and different vegetables, but I think the general ideas of eating fresh fruits and vegetables and cooking as little as possible are good guidelines for someone to go by sure. Potatoes are a fairly good source of vitamin C. So if you're interested in vitamin C, you can get quite a bit of vitamin C from potatoes and also mashed potatoes. I mean the dietary guidelines the way that the government is talking now is that we want to increase people's intake of starch and fiber in potatoes do have some Fiber admittedly most of it's in the peel. So when you mash it you do lose it, but they're still starts there. So it is mashed potatoes are not a bad thing to eat when they're not there certain nutrients. They are not high in but they do contain some B vitamins and vitamin C. I think you have to realize that no food is a perfect food and has anything anyway, that's why we can courage people to eat a little of everything even milk, which is probably one of the better food is low in certain nutrients like vitamin C. It has very little so How would you recommend cooking near potatoes steaming them or boiling them or it doesn't really make all that much difference. I think with potatoes it probably doesn't make very much difference. If you do boil them though and throw the water why you could lose some water soluble vitamins. I think we would encourage people that eat the peel from any kinds of vegetables. Just increase the fiber. What would you do with the water? If you didn't throw it out remix make soup out of it. Just I think you don't want to use a lot of water and and there are a lot of people that make bread out of it potato water and they just recycle it and it's it's one of those things that when you cook vegetable the waters a lot of times has some of the nutrients in some of the flavor and it's not worth just throwing it away. Which vegetables do you think? I should not be steamed. I guess I would say most vegetables that in this country. We tend to overcook vegetables and that's probably why people hate him as much as they do is they've never really tasted vegetables. They've tasted like canned peas that have been cooked for another 20 minutes and they're not very appetizing. So I think most vegetables taste better and have a higher nutrient level if they're steamed or eating raw 28 minutes past 12. Joanne sleeping is with us today. We're talking about diet and nutrition and taking your calls to 276 thousand is the phone number to call. If you have a question, we do have some lines open now to 276 thousand if you have a question about diet or nutrition, and another color is standing by go ahead please do I gain weight? Oh, I'm sure the problem all my life really guess. You're very lucky person. That's what everybody would say that very few people have that problem. What have you tried don't have a big appetite, but I'm very active. I just I just don't I can get full very quickly. It's Friday because I don't like that. I don't care that much for food. I hate I don't like Saul that I just don't like it. I don't care much about vegetables either. Well, I guess when we tell people to lose weight, we tell him to cut down on fat cuz fat is the most concentrated source of calories. So probably if you want to gain weight you want to eat more fatty foods like me. What you said? You don't like whole milk chocolate shakes. I mean things that are high ice cream. There's a lot of I mean, I'm sure there's a lot of people out there that can tell you that the things that are high in fat like ice cream a lot of things that people really like that they can't have or things that you can get obviously justify eating some most people would say, you're very lucky person. I guess unless it's to the point where you really aren't getting the nutrients you need if you just can't eat enough to get that.we are you severely underweight or 100 I think there is this problem that we we tend not to talk about in nutrition because 90% of our business is talking to people that are overweight and they're becoming a large not a large segment. But a number of people that do have a problem being severely underweight and just have kind of an aversion to food. They don't want to eat the people with anorexia. Anorexia nervosa that just lose interest in food. So that's a whole new area that we haven't done much work in trying to get people to eat more higher calorie foods, but a lot of times it's psychological with these people through they just lose interest in food, and now they don't want to They don't want to eat so it is a problem. We will move on to another listener with a question. Go ahead and please you're on the air. I thought maybe you might be interested in hearing how I'm going to be using potato water. And in the mail I'm cooking today. That would be good. I just add powdered milk instead of milk. And I think that's a good idea cuz you're using a starch that's come out in the water to thicken the gravy and then I think another thing that we don't use in this country much is powdered milk. It's much cheaper than whole milk. It's convenient. So I think that's a good idea to use. It mashed potatoes high in nutrients. Okay. Thanks for the thanks for the tip. We have another listener with a question. Go ahead, please. try something in Something I like he's margin and my husband thinks that oil vegetable oil is better and I'm wondering if it isn't the same thing. Basically. How much is a proper amount to use like per day or per week for margarine or how much would be too much margin conception? Okay, I'll start with your second question. The only thing you really get from Arjun Reddy fats are essential fatty acids. And all you need is like a tablespoon a day. So it's very very small amount. There's nobody in this country that has an essential fatty acid deficiency. So we always say if you have a weight-control problem, I mean cut down on fat as little as if you need very tiny tiny amounts of fat when you talk about what kind of fat is the best. There's a lot of things here. It's kind of confusing but what you can think about is that the harder the fat is the more saturated it is So margarine is usually it is more saturated than vegetable oils. So the harder like butter is usually harder than margarine. So it's more saturated and we are recommending nutritionist a recommending cutting down on fats, but on top of that trying to substitute more unsaturated for saturated, so we would probably have to side with your husband on that that it for frying and cooking. It might be better to go with the vegetable oil because it is less saturated. We can't have you heard the stories about the unsaturated being more possibly a hamster inducing of you kind of pick your poison with the fat saturated. You get your heart attack. Which do you want now, that's that's a problem. I think with fats. We don't know that much with you look at heart disease there seems to be some reasons to go with the unsaturated fats. Then people that tend to eat more unsaturated more oils do have higher cancer. So I think that's a good point. I think in this country were probably more concerned about heart disease right now. So we're giving that giving more emphasis to the unsaturated fats, but it's kind of a mixed bag or another listener with a question on nutrition. Go ahead, please. Any problem and eating health problem eating green potatoes create skins. I've heard that it has caused pregnant women to abort. I have heard stuff about that to now. I haven't heard about pregnant women women of boarding but I think there are some kind of mold or fungus that that can grow on potato skin. I'm not an agronomist and I really don't know any more about that. If anybody in the audience does any agronomist out there listening I be interested but I've heard people say that if you are going to eat potato skins, you should pick ones that look healthy and normal not old potatoes not ones that are discolored at all about a green potato skin to isn't there 25 minutes before the other color. Go ahead, please. I wanted to discuss vitamin E E the kind of wake you up at night really really stinkers and a few years ago. I heard that vitamin D was one of these things that was supposed to help that night. I started taking rather large doses of vitamin E, and now I feel Frequency and intensity of these cramps seem to disappeared and as a side effect night, I think of the vitamin D my hands and feet don't get as cold as they used to in the winter time and my skin isn't is crackly and painful to use to be I'm presuming that that's the result of the vitamin E. You think Well, sounds good to me if it would do all that money is is also fat soluble like vitamin A. So there's a potential it could be toxic but they're really there have not hasn't been shown to be toxic in large amounts. I guess we would caution people cuz it could be stored in the body not to take a lot and I'm not to go overboard on it. But how many times how many times the RDA of do you think you're taking a what is a lot? Yeah. How did you decide on that dosage? Did someone help you decide on that or do people who are not necessarily the kind of thing? I was taking less and someone said to you. I was taking 101 capsule day, which is 400 units and someone said he takes 3 and it says lots of good and well, let's go half way and I'm Just a Touch nervous about but I tell you it seems to change near my vascular functioning so much that be willing to take any risk. Yeah, I can say there's a lot of well, I I guess I can't say there's a lot of risk there's not and we haven't seen a big rash of vitamin D toxicity that people take it more but it's one of those things that it's so new these vitamin supplements are really a fairly new thing that we don't know what's going to happen. If people we don't know if people take huge quantities for 30 years what is going to happen cuz nobody's done it yet. So you're kind of using yourself as an experimental model. There's not good. We don't have any research data to say that vitamin D should do for you what it did. But again, that's your choice. That's the way vitamin supplements are people have a lot of choice in what they want to take. So if you know if you want to take that risk, I guess it's up to you. We have another listener with a question for Joanne. Slavin High. Go ahead, please. Yep. Yep. Okay. Tritoon, it's a voluntary thing cooking without salt and just when you were talking about spinach for instance pants. Okay, quit being fresh. Definitely. See that's the thing with nutrition. There's a lot of different issues. You have to look at you can never make blanket statements that can't can't is better all can vegetables have a lot more sodium in fresh or frozen. So if you're interested in cutting down vets, you definitely don't want to eat canned spinach for that reason will sometimes have salt added so it might have more than fresh fresh as usual your best bet if you're avoiding sodium if you want to cut down on salt. Yeah Frozen is I think the other thing too is it you have to realize that fruits and vegetables are generally really low in sodium anyways, so they're not a real big problems. So yeah Frozen is frozen vegetables would be a good thing. Okay, I didn't dare turn it on so I can hear it. Now. What is your feeling about? This would be commercial grill time? I don't you don't have to use the that name in any way with vitamin E vitamin A Pepperidge Farm bread what benefits will we need? Vitamin E. There's no doubt about it anything that's a real vitamin we need to get so, you know, I think that's that's good. If you can get it whatever way you can get it is. Okay, it's really not that hard to get if you have a little bit of oil every day, you'll get vitamin E, but you know if people added and it's probably not a problem that you'll get too much salad oils are high in vitamin E. Did I have one more? I think I just heard yesterday is it to and I cook fresh broccoli all the time. No salt in it and then my friend uses that the water in which is closer to make soup. Right and that makes sense just to clear bra. That's a good idea, So that's out and then steaming do you would you steam your broccoli if you're going to use the water? I think that's fine. But just don't throw the water out or steam at noon try and keep track of those nutrients and get him back in your diet and we have more questions for Joanne. Slavin High. Next four month old daughter and I've been hearing some controversy lately about milk not being the the great food for children that it was once thought that it has some behavioral effects. Like sugar doesn't sound the same guy that wrote a book that I heard on his shoulder like this a while back. I think. Yeah. I think I know who you're talkin about the person who's on radios and TVs that talks about the problems with milk. What is the dealer will I think what we recommend for babies is breastfeeding as long as possible if people are willing and able and around that's the best thing but if you can't do that, then we probably recommend formula over cow's milk because of the problems with allergies. So I don't have any problems with that. I think there's a lot of controversy about milk that somewhat not substantiated by research. So I I have no problems with iOS a one-year-old 2 year olds having cow's milk. I don't think that's a problem. I think a lot of that is missing information. That's out on milk. Would you start a whole milk or skim that's an interesting question. There's a lot of controversy on that. I think usually for children they need the calories in in I would probably go with whole or 2% I wouldn't go with skim that they need the fat calories more than the adults do so usually 2% or whole for children. And then after they get older they like the rest of us. Can they go to school choir that taste for that? Rich milk, and then I have to switch to skim And that some of the herbs and herbal TV case may adversely affect the fetus few. Are you familiar? That's an interesting question because I think that's it's the whole idea what we talked about before as we recommend something and then people jump on another bandwagon which might be worse because some of the herbal teas actually have some drugs or some like drug effects that we're not sure that could be like toxic to somebody so it's not really good to get heavily into herb teas either and that may be worse than than just drinking a cup of coffee a day. It's a real it's a real question now, but I don't think I drink a lot of of herb teas. Any of that you might either recommend that we I might be able to drink or recommend that I I definitely explain from are you more interested in tea or coffee drinking actually? Okay. Yeah, that's caffeine. Yeah, right that's interesting like with coffee the caffeinated coffee when you can take the the caffeine out and then there's a question about the chemical that used to take the caffeine out. So it's really hard to give people a blanket statement. Don't drink this do drink this I guess I would just recommend drinking regular tea and then drinking herb tea and and just in very small amounts is that's your best bet is just variety and moderation. That's the two key words and nutrition. Don't stop one thing and go big on another just kind of moderate 15 minutes before we have a liner to open again in the Twin Cities area to 276 thousand is the phone number if you have it. About the tritian today. Do you want to sleep and we'll be happy to take a crack at it to 276 thousand and we have another caller. Go ahead, please. Go ahead. And the reason I am calling is because last spring I had a lot of problem with the saliva gland on the left side of my face. I had over 50 x-rays with it, and I thought I had cancer. And I cut out cooler. and I haven't had any problems since See, I think I think that the that mean that's great. That's the way I feel about nutrition and people modifying their diet if they try something and it works for them. That's good, but that we can't say that that's going to work for anybody. That's not a controlled experiment. That's really not science. That's more just an isolated event because maybe just the change in the lunar atmosphere made that happen. We can't say it was cutting out the cola cuz probably other things in your life changed. I think it's possible that had some effect I guess I doubt it, but I'm glad that that it did help you cutting that out. All right, we'll move on to our next listener how you're on the air. I'm 58 years old and I lead a very sedentary kind of life. Okay, I do walk about an hour for a date and I would like to maintain my weight. But I find that my appetite is so much larger than the expenditure of the calories. I do. Well if I eat just vegetables fruits and a minimal amount of fat starches, okay? Go off of that and eat candy or pie or something like that. Is that because I probably deprived of nutrition or just cuz you're bad. No, I think that's not that's not out of the ordinary that that humans like sweet things babies like sweet things. We all like sweet things. So I don't think that's out of the ordinary that you want to do that. I think it's tough though because things that are like pie and cake has a lot of calories than you have to pay the price. If you know, if you want to go out to eat a piece of pie you realize it takes an hour of running to lose that maybe that would encourage you not to eat it, but I think everybody has the same problem there. All right. We have another listener with a question. Go ahead please. Yes and E. For my daughter's planters warts to take a huge doses of vitamin A butt to take the water-soluble kind because of that problem is that I think that's what I did. I don't remember now. Okay vitamin E to a technical like vitamin A. There's a lot of vitamin A and vegetables and it's in a different form and it would be water soluble and then the body converts it into Vitamin A. So what you probably were giving is carotene or this other form of vitamin A which is not toxic. So if you're going to take large quantities, it probably would make more sense to take the carotene, which is another form of those are really there two different issues too because there's some research that shows they have different effects in the body so that I think that's probably what you did. So it's never as easy as it seems to be as always some conflicting. But that's probably what you gave. Okay. Thank you for calling we will move on to another listener with a question now, go ahead please. Protected activity, there isn't going to just take the capsule. I don't think anybody could take another if you could take too much of it to get toxic there always is but most people it's one of those things that you know, there's The Taste is so bad that you're probably not going to overdo it. That's the problem with pills is people can swallow lots of pills and there's no taste problem at all. No regulation there in the nutritional alarm. A literature what I've been noticing recently that away from the red meat and I like the legumes and Grains and nuts and and then some to fight to see liked me well, so anyway, is it true that we don't need to eat double-figure of amino acids that we formerly thought we had Sky. I think I'll just tell everybody that amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. So in what your body does it takes in protein and dismantles. It's into amino acids. And we need yeah, I'd say 8 is probably what most people will say and if you eat animal protein you get all the amino acids right away animal protein is complete. So you get it all vegetable protein is in complete. So you have to combine it but we tend your ideas are right that we tend to eat too much protein so we can easily get it from vegetable protein with Out too much problem long as we eat enough calories in vegetable protein. I'm quite sure we will get all the essential amino acids you need it's not that big a problem before I want to listen to questions on nutrition and you are next. Go ahead, please. Perdita is because the potato volume completely covered by hair and the Sun God is poisonous. No, it's not deadly poison and I've known this for many years, but I send sign of red different except that they should not be there and go ahead but I've heard too. I'm not I wasn't sure why that was but thank you agree to that completely going to thank you very much for calling and we'll move on to our next listen to now go ahead please you're on the air. Good morning. This is an excellent program good definitely that they're not going to lose anything. They're so that's probably the best thing to do. I guess I would probably cut it off myself. That would be the safest thing. All right, and then if you boil them, you could probably cut it off definitely for sure the Roman chair for cause back sugar and keeping your weight in. I seem to save a lot of sweets to when I get home everybody a jelly candy or sugar candy is that that have fewer calories than the chocolate know if they have the same calories tracker has the same as the other one, which one is better to eat? I think what the difference would be chocolate has fat to so chocolate might be a little higher in calories cuz beyond the carbohydrate in the sugar it has fat. So it's usually a little higher in calories than just regular like jelly candy so they both be pretty high in calories for Lily. 6 minutes before 1. Let's take another listener. Go ahead, please. Ocean is it can you get that alone from the food you eat, or is it necessary to take a calcium supplement? That's a really good question. That's a very hot research topic right now. I think it depends what you eat. If you don't eat dairy products dairy products are the best source of calcium. So if you don't drink any milk and don't eat cheese, I would definitely recommend a calcium supplement. It's just too hard to get it. Otherwise the recommended amount of 800mg. You just couldn't get it really without dairy products. So I probably would go with the supplement only 130 mg and I don't drink milk, but I do eat a family of cheese and I just wondered if I need to check. Yeah, I would try and and look at better calcium sources, you can incorporate yogurt and like dried milk. If you can get dried milk and you're the idea of putting dried milk in mashed. It is dried milk is low in fat high in calcium. That would be a good way to get calcium in without taking the supplement. But you know, sometimes it's easier for people to take the supplement and slavin high. Go ahead. Please add a different chemical compounds in it nutrient wise. There's not much there. There's a few Trace elements. It depends what kind of water do you know, what what to use to make it with where the grapes came from? So you're not going to get very many vitamins. You're going to get a few trace minerals. And for 4 calories is sweeter. It is the more calories the dryer the less. All right. Thank you for calling and we will move on to our next listener. Go ahead please in lieu of coffee or tea. You suggested that she drink regular teeth Black Keys are even higher in caffeine content in coffee. I think you have to it's interesting that if you look at a caffeine break down of all the things that really varies how long you like Brew at things like that the different kind. So yeah, I think that's true. You have to kind of check into that affect the tannic acid breaks down the caffeine. However, it would be best probably to keep away from The Black Keys as much as keeping away from coffees some things that I could suggest that's about which there is extensive information and traditional literature would be chamomile tea time tea herb time peppermint tea, all of those are very tasty in Have no known adverse effects with pregnant women is just to eat a variety of things and drink of don't and we need to tell people to eat drink herb tea and then have them go out and drink 10 cups of that some kind every day cuz they're probably going to run into problems to the course of One's Own physician is always a good source of advice on these questions. Well, are you I would recommend. No, I think the physician is a good source, but I also think there are a lot of good dietitians in town and nutritionist that usually work with Physicians and can be consulted with directly and wouldn't be such a bad me information Source we have icing time for one more call. Maybe 2, lets see go ahead please your next. Nevermind, how can I measure or where do I find out about measuring amount of magnesium in vegetation when it's dried or fresh. Secondly, how can I watch the best way to neutralize oxalic acid content like Swiss chard and spinach but it's dried or fresh. This is this guy Tsum you're talking about different things that you've grown. So it's it's kind of hard. It's a it's a complex procedure. There's different chemical method than you could send it to an analytical lab, but it's fairly expensive procedure just to get that you could get a rough idea from from comp food composition tables how much magnesium there is the question about oxalic acid is kind of a tough one. That is a a big concern that you're eating these things that are high in minerals and then you're kind of negating it with oxalic acid. So I really don't know. Any good way to besides you should be concerned about it, but I'm not sure of any way you can complex the oxalic acid, really. Well, I'm afraid to join us leaving that we've run out of time, but I do want to thank you very much for coming in and visiting with us and US news today. Thanks for having me.