We are celebrating in this year. the Centennial of Charles Darwin's death Darwin's impact along with that of Albert Einstein call Marx and Sigmund Freud has been a dominating one of this Hundred Year time span. All purpose is to take a brief look at the human mind since Darwin A Century of magnificent accomplishment. and dismal failure it is a good time to take such a Discerning look. Well, that's Century has now come to a climatic close. a new century of trial and error on the part of the collective mind. Is about to begin. Turn off 15 years ago. There was hope that all is said and I quote Century of mismatched and the quote as it's been call my true intelligence resolve the problems arising from of the onrushing Technologies. Today in spite of the fact that the human mind is the single most brilliant creative instrument developed on this Earth. We have to admit. That is has failed to find a human resolution for the peoples of all world. What was the human mind prior to Charles Darwin's body of work? What basic changes in the thought processes of that mind did this books bring a bottle? With what accomplishments can we accredit him? What is the content and the method of the working mind today? And what can we expect from the future? I do not refer to the anatomical all the physiological structure of the brain. Noritz relation to the nervous system Rather I am considering those considering the Mind first as a content. And then as a system of acquiring that content. And the using of it for individual or societal purposes. Before Darwin that content was dominated by the divine right of kings of the Church of class property of established morality. Before Darwin the human mind was in cased in the series of cells to which the keys have been thrown away. There was no such phenomenon as the right to know. illiteracy started at a 90% Level under the czars and came down slowly if at all. as one moved through Europe in England, which already have the Magna Carta? There was no educated education for the working classes until Thomas Huxley known as Darwin's bulldog. Began giving those classes himself. And Alfred Russel Wallace the first to corroborate Darwin's theory of natural selection. Publish fruitfully on the educational needs of the pool. The privilege percentile of the British who might secure and education were rigidly controlled and what they might study. There existed no right to question. 2 question was anathema. when Darwin tempted Christ college at Cambridge and 1828 There were a few science courses science was and time scripture. a tiny gripper group of Adventure some men later Charles Darwin's mentors had begun to lecture in the Natural Sciences John henslow on botany Adam Sedgwick on geology But they were obliged to form a group outside the University. To discuss it's a broader scope under the name of philosophy. It was an age of the closed mind. The Bard vision of the universe it was unlawful to Pro. To analyze to ponder to deduce to think in new directions. The human mind was in effect. the Walnut Which the brain has been said to resemble in appearance? AWOL not encased in a hard shell it took Darwin's enormous talent to observe. is deductive skills and courage to record his findings to break open that she'll Well, those who were allowed and education they were great riches. The Poetry of Chaucer Dante Pushkin the dramatic literature of Shakespeare roisin Moliere the paintings of Leonardo and Raphael the sculpture of Michelangelo and Donatello. the music of Bach and Beethoven the architecture of the Greeks Brunelleschi and Sir Christopher Wren the science of Euclid Copernicus and Galileo fruits of the creative mind and reaching life for those to whom it was available. For the rest individuals could be trained by practical experience. Become an expert in aircraft. otherwise the mind as it was born. What's the same mind that died years later? all wandering and learning of a systematic nature about the origin of all the earth and the evolution of the its varieties and species. Ogden close down by Archbishop James ussher in the mid-seventeenth century. When he declared and I quote. This world was created in the year 4004 BC at 9 in the morning. and of course When did Charles Darwin grew up and attended Cambridge this belief was promulgated by the church of England? Ancient fossils discovered in Mountain strategies in deserts on the shores of dried legs or long ago ocean beaches were met with the explanation. that the great flood had deposited is effluvia in strange places. the Limitless specimens of insect plant and Beast Would you plan to have been individually and spontaneously created by God? In the Natural Sciences almost all discovery has served mankind well. Where there is a concerted search for truth? erroneous observation And deduction will inevitably creep in. Can it be set then the truth in all or science is the pursuit? and not an achievable and it certainly can be said that during the Epic this happened. The human brain was held in slavery. the content of the Mind became entrapped by the denial of the tools of learning The instruments with which to broaden its scope of knowledge, but is all-pervading hagiocracy. How did Charles Darwin open the human mind? What did his life work accomplish? Perhaps above all he gave us a method of seeing. and learning an entrance to a vast and exciting new content. Is that fence have to be divided into these two parts first the motifs and the tools for thinking which she provided us and 2nd the astonishing content. Not unlike the riches unveiled by Howard causes opening a cut incommons Combe. Under method we have comparison. Such as the beaks of the four finches from the neighboring islands of the Galapagos. Comprehension and the ability to correlate the findings and reflect this relationship. Their relationship a detached observation without interference from Prejudice or emotion. the habit of tough mental skepticism Documentation all evidence to be triple cross-checked curiosity the investigation of phenomena to get at its basic nature self-doubt. The need to get away from early training into the Open Fields of objective inquiry. The and I quote nothing sacred and the quote Stan's no, holy icons Miss dogmas. to prevent penetration to observable evidence crystallization the tools used to relate the parts to the whole. imaginative projection and logical deduction casting the Mind falling to conceive all possible interpretations the promulgation of theories extending one's mental faculties to envisage organic Unity the courage to recognize her in enemy territory to plunge through unmapped jungles. Today are the storms of Uncharted Seas to Pioneer new areas of understanding. organization putting together the innumerable sheds of collected data into an architectural structure design that makes the elements fit functionally into all others of space-time and category building order out of Chaos. By analyzing and hand tooling into a pattern the disparity parts of a tumultuous Spectrum. Wrecking tearing down the Great Wall of China so that new Concepts and attitudes May sweep across the land. How well did Darwin's method service? Let us turn to Medical Science for the results here a revolutionary. enduring in the dairy experimentation of Pasteur and Koch in the discovery of bacterial causes and immunization Of infectious diseases which has almost totally obliterated tuberculosis. the observation of the heroic semmelweis in the wiping out of who are pro childbirth fever. Fleming's brilliant deduction, which brought us the whole one to drugs and antibiotics? Marie Curie who reached out for the tool of radium as a treatment for cancer. Rontgen who gave us the Magnificent use of the X-ray. today's Ohlendorf who developed the CT scan which can reveal a disturbance anywhere in the body and moniece whose concept of angiography Reveals All of the blood vessels of the body and the Brain Freud would your vested himself or shiver less and charging? the unconscious mind Mendel who did so for the bodies Heritage, Watson Creek Who advanced the concept of DNA? The foundation of the genetic engineering to modify the gene structure of plants to improve their growth as a food supply and to improve the health status of Man by correcting genetic defect. Before Darwin the content of the human mind included a rich Heritage in the odds of past civilizations the cave paintings in lascaux. the Sumerians Stone carvings the sculpture and pyramids of Egypt the marvels of phidias and fractional ease of Greece along with its Acropolis and it's dramatists aeschylus euripides and Sophocles the laws of so long. The artifacts in cave murals of the Etruscans the engineering and literature of Rome Horace 2011 recently illuminated manuscripts and mystery plays of the Dark Ages. Paintings in the Italian Renaissance jotto and chimney Bowie the Border Celli Titian the golden doors of ghiberti. from Spain Velazquez, El Greco and Goya from Holland Rembrandt and Friends halls in England constable and Turner all of this not a catalog but a random citation of creative genius. In the science. We also think of the Ptolemy Aristotle Galileo Humboldt Lamar. No one man frees the mind of its shackles. In the 19 century those shackles heavily encrusted with barnacles. Was shaken to the roots by Charles Darwin as leader, and there's symbol. For the freedom of Investigation the powers. He released were in the natural the life sciences, but once the new virus and freedom Against public opposition was injected into the social Corpus. It quickly infected. all aspects of man's endeavor Now what was the new content of the Mind the fresh mental Concepts Darwin provided let us take a sampling from his enormous body of published works. Which caused an upheaval? In the western world and in later decades the Orient as well. As a result of finding on the island of Saint jogo. Go off the coast of Africa a strata of cancerous material containing seashells high above the surrounding water. He see your eyes that volcanic action can raise landmasses. On rat Island near the mouth of the Rio de La Plata. He noticed a strange looking animal. Andrew Marr and I quote at First Sight everyone would pronounce this. To be a snake. But these two small hind legs or rather fins could Mark the passage by which nature joins the lizards to the snakes and the quote. in the Cliffs of Punta Alta in the present-day Argentina and in the cliffs above Rio Uruguay he discovered a rich find Are fossil bones and teeth belonging to Long extinct antediluvian animals such as the megatherium. Elena realize that this was proof that some species has completely died out. Because they could not adapt to their changing environment. in Tierra del Fuego he made the observation that the wings of three different species of birds have been adapted to sir. V steam a bird used as wings as paddles. The penguin as fins the ostrich as sales to fly in the breeze on the Galapagos Islands. He was puzzled that each island had his own giant tortoise with a different shape and Design. David skara Pace adapted to its environment for its survival. It was a short time after the return of HMS Beagle the Darwin's thinking Advanced to the point. Where he could write in his species notebook and I quote we have absolute knowledge. Species die and others replace them and I end of quote a few months later. He was able to explain how this happened and I quote my principle of being the destruction of all the less Hardy ones and the preservation of accidental Hardy ones. After experiencing a tremendous earthquake in val Diva and Chile and studying the geographical geological results. He runs in his notebook and I quote for the future when I see a geological section traversed by any number of fishers I shall well understand the reason the Earth. Is Amir crust over a fluid melted, Mass? While on the Keeling Islands, he came up with the accurate theory of the growth of coral polyps and how Coral Islands were formed. It took him years of study to prove that Barnacles made the material with which they attach themselves to Boulders or to the holds of ships out of their own unformed eggs. to prove that plant life on remote Islands was not the result of spontaneous generation or a disappeared connecting landmass you soak seeds in a saltwater solution documenting that plant life reach those islands in the form of seeds transported in weed stuffs wraps debris Claus or the bowels long flying birds. He demonstrated that each variety of orchid had developed its own Basin like structure containing is pollen. And that only one species of insect could get at its particular pollen to fertilize its own kind. He learned that the ability of plants to climb. Who is due to the plants spontaneous circulation movement circulatory movement of the upper internode's and that one type of insect eating plant. Had a true Act of digestion. He began the documentation of the evolution of man writing after years of intense study. And I quote we just learned that man. Is descended from a hairy quadrupeds? furnished with a tail and pointed ears probably a boreal and its habits. And it inhabitants of the old world. An ancient marsupial animal and this through a long line of Diversified forms. In the Arts and the humanities in the social sciences invented since his time in political economy sociology Community planning. the Psychiatry of Human Relationships Darwin's method of free investigation expanded all Everest all forms of endeavor When We Were Young and naive we believed in progress. As a constant and uninterrupted movement forward for the better of mankind. Harsh experience has proved that this is not a valid concept. Well being moves in Cycles. The Optimist Among Us would describe this as the movement of a pendulum or a metronome the pessimist would describe it as a clock. Endlessly sit with a hands endlessly circulating circling from noon to midnight. We have the Freudian novels of the 1920s the proletarian novels of the 1930s the war novels of the 1940s the groping novels of the 1950s. the protest novels of the 1960s the self Purge novels of the 1970s and now the political science fiction of the 1980s It can't be no coincidence that the revolution in painting and literature in France and his philosophy as well occur after the publication of the Origin of Species. In the reaching out to new depths of human understanding. In addition to baudelaire and poetry and Zola in the novel. We have the emergence of the young impressionist. money Bizarro Cezanne Monet Whistler Dagon Renoir Who overthrew the static storytelling painting of the bozarts? If following cubism to the various forms of abstraction. Painting and sculpture have fallen into non-human forms. We nevertheless have the Magnificent emotional distortions Picasso. In music, we have come far past the supremely melodic composers such as Tchaikovsky and Schubert. Inter Schoenberg 12-tone system, which created a new language of sound? Which most of us have not yet learned to speak with electronic music all sounds are produced by the use of circuitry and the manipulation of sound waves. We have lost the memory of Melody. We should know in another hundred years if the sacrifice has been worthwhile. Since Darwin we have employed A Century of landmark. Enjoy the century of landmark technological advances that it resulted in no small part from his contribution of methodology and expanded freedom. In transportation, there is the internal combustion engine and Henry Ford's production line. the Wright brothers airplane and the Jet Engine in the field of energy the nuclear reactor in Communications Marconi Wireless and satellites in the domain of electronics lead the forest first electronic tubes or radio which led to transistors to the incredible memory chip and the super high frequencies of microwaves. in Aerospace radar and lasers and agriculture. There is McCormick's Reaper in the area of chemicals a staggering variety of synthetic materials. And for information processing the entire range of computer technology. as a people We have been brilliant enough to diagnose and set forth. the faithful ills of our age what we have not had the audacity to achieve is a working cure. What about Lucille's? Thanks to television and its use used for and I quote votes for charisma. Unquote we could have increasingly poor and incompetent political figures. Children will spend fewer hours in the classrooms than in front of TV sets. Man's nuclear fission created the A-bomb. Then the h-bomb. And there is now research underway. for a Cuba which will be a thousand times more destructively powerful which could bring about the complete annihilation of all the world and all of Darwin species. Are we using our highly Advanced Machinery? Or other machines using us. In the year 2082 at the end of another hundred years cycle in the seminar. Such as this if it were to be held to look back on its accomplishments. Will we find that we have brought technology and humanism? Enjoy a good working partnership. Will our powers have been dispersed in the interest of the world population or will we still have pockets of deprivation and ignorance conceptions of warlike solutions to International problems? What precisely did Darwin change? Young folks with the Heavenly lock doors of our minds and let them stand open to the sunshine of free inquiry. liberated us to investigate to understand and embrace all forms of life. He did not collect complete evidence to prove his theories of evolution and The Descent of Man. Nor was just possible fossil record complete. a record, which geologist archaeologist and paleontologist of all-time are filling in with gratifying for sisters. It is not quite enough to say that God planted those fossils in the rocks and the sea to fool mankind into thinking that all world is more than 9,000 years. It has been claimed that for every poison. There is an antidote. As Darwin so well learned. for every antidote that Springs up a half a dozen poisons the world does the Fremont which he bequeathed us is today being attacked and eroded. We face as a people and a nation a heavily financed and dogged Lee thought-out plan. to turn Charles Darwin into a non-person to purge his accomplishments from the school rooms. The text books libraries and all other means of communication. He has been denounced as an antichrist in a world where a tightly locked. Richard mine is considered the gateway to Salvation. all the scientists are sociologists our Educators struggle valiantly to keep the Andhra sauce other than a decade or two, they may be overwhelmed and driven Underground. There may just send upon us another doc age before a Charles Darwin comes along. And leads the revolution. back to reason and intellectual scope freedom is a contagious disease artist scientist. Humanists are typhoid Marys? a black plague of independent thought can spread like wildfire The revolution in modern architecture of Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright in the United States. The Bauhaus in Germany is an outstanding example. Going other cupolas and gingerbread facades of the Victorian era. steel and glass provide clean and uncluttered lines which let in light and air Wild Island suffered more abuse than anyone in English History being called every foul name. In the English language his message of natural selection of the evolution of all living things spread rapidly to Asia gray in the United States earn steckel in Germany to the naturalist of France, Russia. Some of his theories have had to be revised Amplified but not his method of work. the outstanding scientist of his day Thomas Huxley Charles Lyell Joseph Hooker Alfred Wallace declared that he had the single greatest talent in the history of science. Why? Because she believed and then Unshackled mine that an unshackle mine working long and dedicatedly could unravel the secrets of the universe. Thought everything was fine people. But there were no limits to what the mind. once free to explore could discover document and relate to the body I've already existing knowledge. In conclusion, let us indulge ourselves in the glories of our minds accomplishments. infringing and distribution that have been such startling advances that our country and in fact Western Europe is now flooded with a plethora of books journals brochures Monograms newspapers. There is material available for everyone to read. to enlarge the contents of his mind and The Logical mechanisms of his thinking in the visual arts. We have increased the number of practitioners a thousandfold. And have provided them with colorful new materials with which to work. Hardly a city of any size is without his Museum. Gallery exhibition Well once too Noble off of ballet. was confined to the Bolshoi and the Sadler's Wells There are now well-trained ballet companies in almost every city. Music once confined to Philharmonic or Opera subscribers pours out dozens of daily concerts and over the radio and television to millions of listeners. Medicine and Health Sciences have increased man's years on this Earth. Contemplating the human mind today. We are amazed by its powers and confounded by its lack. of overall result in considering all a total Society and it is the mind that creates Society not the other way around. We have to acknowledge. That needs a technological invention. Nor the spread of the Arts. Has brought about Harmony or stability or enabled us to live in peace with ourselves or our neighbors. We have learned that the early Greeks were right in saying anthropos. Political Animals man is a political animal. Man is also a warlike creature. At the present moment. There are at least at least a dozen National and civil wars being weighed simultaneously. a number of first-rate Minds put together the European common market and after World War II we're stopping us the United Nations neither of which of and it has been able have been able. to avoid intermittent aggression and chaos one of our greatest accomplishments has been in the extended understanding of man through the social sciences. We know to an infinitely greater degree what motivates man's thinking feeling and action. These disciplines have afforded us a partial control. over human conduct as well as a medical approach to irrational or destructive Behavior. But these valuable tools have not enabled us to prevent dictatorships. genocide And all-consuming belief in military action. and the horrifying tragedy they cause Nor has our knowledge enabled us to prevent internecine Wars of religious political or ideological origin. We have the weapons at hand to abolish destruction. If only we could persuade ourselves. to use them in the United States England Western Europe parts of the Orion. We have superseded the absolute right of royalty with varying forms of government democratic government through long hard struggle. We have achieved what on mines taught us. Well the imperatives of viable government. universal suffrage the division of powers the separation of church and state we have failed in our mind's ability to control instinctual drives passions. The dictates of Jung's Collective unconscious. The relation of the human mind to our Basic Instincts is an open field. of inquiry at the very least it can be said that our apparatus of logical thought has not control greed Envy hate fraud lust concupiscent suppression, which allows individuals communities and whole Nations venal a to encroach on the public good censorship in all fields of activity is one of the most lethal enemies of our Commonwealth. The tragedy of the human mind is that in every age it destroys its own civilization. It is essential to know what man has come from. Darwin open our minds to the freedoms to find out. No a hundred years later. I want to hardcore right wing extremists in both politics and religion are doing their best to slam that door shut. And return on mentality to Darkness and bigotry. Universities will not be exempt. We must understand to what extent the human mind can dislocated self. The same is true of the same self labeled creationist who are working to abolish not only Darwin's theories on Evolution and natural selection from the textbooks and the public schools, but all science. Even mathematics which can be used to describe Louvre. Their contention that mankind was created by a single act of God 9000 years ago. biology paleontology astronomy anthropology biochemistry geophysics can prove the slow emergence of this universe. They must therefore be abolished as heretical because they allegedly dispute the literal truth of Genesis the separation of church and state which has safeguarded our people. from the miseries and bondage of past centuries he's coming back. Must we wait the appearance of another Charles Darwin. Almost each and every one of us take up the mantle and become the Darwin. of The Next Century we have the mind. The mental apparatus to make secure our freedom now tottering on the brink of extremism. We have the mental facility to control chaos. To create an orderly prosperous and peaceful Society. the question for the next century is will we What's a mind can envisage in terms of disruption and ruin the mind can counter thrust and demolish? true resourcefulness and courage we can realize the full Genius of the human mentality. We can preserve it or lose it entirely. Jeremiah Is still crying in the wilderness? The choice is ours. Thank you.