This is another in a series of special programs on American Indian rights and public policy which took place recently at the College of Saint Scholastica in Duluth. The topic of this session was Native American hunting and fishing rights Clyde at one of the Saints Elastica Indian studies Department introduce the main speaker tonight. We have a man. from the couderay reservation over by Hayward, Wisconsin Who is becoming quite well noted? In the state of Wisconsin and especially among ending circles as one who has great future Visions for Indian people and especially for his own people. One of these things that we're constantly aware of today is Indian rights. And the need to be able to clarify those rights and today's society. Most of those rights are incorporated into the treaties between Indian tribes and the US government. toilet order fast from time to time and having to consider those racks and the legal courts of the country. And this is one of the things that we would we'll be discussing tonight is especially concerned The Hunting Fishing rights of Indian people up only reservation area. no, I get I get them use many times when I listen to the news media and I read in the newspaper how people of this country are protecting the animals From all other kind of evil it's very music when I think about this in terms of the floss within than people and how they view people themselves as fitting within the universe in relation to all other things. and sometimes I wonder if maybe we aren't fooling ourselves when we say we are protecting those animals. as I think back as far as I can and then from my point of view into the past and think of the thousands of years that these animals have existed without man's assistance I become extremely amusing to me when I read those comments about how we continue to protect them. Our main speaker this evening has Rick Baker. easy present tribal chairman of a liquid or a reservation Chippewa Hey Ya. Was he first Frazier for the national Tribal Council Association of American Indians? there is a. Of time when he was so busy that he had to give up the office and Just recently. He was re-elected as Treasurer again. He served as consultant. To the Office of Management budget to the Department of interior and to Public Health Service. And with that I presented to you. Mr. Rick Baker. Or we get started Maybe. your profit talk a little bit about Indians Where they come from? What is the basis for their ideas or principles? Why do Indians behave the way they do? Why are they so difficult? Starkly, I think. The picture I still historical picture. developed today's attitudes former foundation for position of Indian people before getting into that like tell you that you know that Indian people I think we're all. Just about like me our backgrounds are well-founded in this continent. My grandfather my father side the medicine man as well as my great-grandfather. I am a product. the winner bulshit people I'm a product of my day would give them. That is the end of the culture of Father's son. My brother's lineage comes from Big Lots and his patches. What are the Chiefs V? Chippewa Nation My grandfather 1952 died at age 95. He can remember back to me 1860's. Under development Northern Wisconsin Territory was it's in what's the beginning stage? I remember is youngboy a grandfather father and I used to go go hunting on the rivers. at night hunting deer not because we were Sportsman. because we had to provide for the Am I beautiful? In the course of are various hunting trips used to discuss with me and tell me about what it used to be like years ago. What the original agreements were? as his father understood What the land was like before the invasion of the white man? the habitat of natural resource before the lumber industry strip the land This is where the new people come from. And maybe this is why. I am like I am today. I am disappointed. What's the principles upon which this country was founded? shu Rick Baker tribal chairman and those who believe like me. Won't be celebrating Bicentennial next year. Espo's in keeping with Indian moral principle, I must tell you I'm also an ex-convict. I do that because it is honest. And if I say anything. Don't disturb. People here tonight. This will be brought up and forth and you'll hear about and want you here by from me first. But I think this country. What's a great deal depending people? It has adopted. 4 million people some basic concepts and principles and call it democracy. The Greek word for sole possession or the professors or the inventors of that principle? Indian Council Rock agency Generations made this a practice Farwest we didn't see or four seasons necessity writing this down on paper birch bark or deer Heights. name the contributions Did this Republic have gone largely unnoticed? And in fact countries gone so far the strip the Indian people who is humanity. It certainly hasn't adopted the major principles as described by Indian people. one of these things Bing that we should forgive one another. That are morals and ideals are such. that way that we can allow one another to make their contributions in society and when mistakes are made and The Duchess paid They're willing again to give this opportunity results. Would make that attempt serve the community with people. I don't see this happening today. one of the great problems our society have rest in the failure of our civilization. I don't need to communicate those principles what to put them in. a policy papers no law for that reason I've been especially proud. To have been elected twice to national office the national tribal chairmen's Association. These people have full knowledge my background. And it's part of that background office management budget and States Interior Department United States Public Health Service, and the two major political parties in this country has offered me the opportunity to participate. in the development of Indian business give you any measure of success that is but at least the opportunity. My people at home are webos. For that reason, I'm proud to be there German. for proceeding with the Problems of hunting and fishing, I think it's necessary to understand the reasons. Why were in this predicament predicament today? I want to read to you. from the American Indian Journal a descriptive position of the Indian Does pretty's on the Constitution of the United States? historical background behind the issue give you an idea of why we have failure to recognize. position of Indian people indeed. Why should there be a controversial controversy at all? over Indian hunting and fishing The language the intent is playing its written. And the language that this country uses that is Fishel. language and communication I would offer you this from the journal. agreements between nations been called a variety of names including treaties Alliance convention compact the subject matter of these agreements has included matters of Peace friendship trade Commerce and international boundaries. In the latter half of the 20th century. Such agreements have contemplated regulation of the use of the oceans the Seas and regulation of conduct Nations beyond the boundaries of this planet. Why was supposed to such agreements made Tsum Tsum International proportions? Treaties and agreements have existed as long as there have been two distinct independent political units by which man have governed themselves. Pretties is a matter of international law and political judgment. The most prominent example of the effectiveness of political judgment and establishment of Alliance among Indian American Indian nations is the founding League of Iroquois. a confederation of five and later 6:05 speaking Nations Concentra international law prescribes don't form for treaties treaties made by Oral or written in practice treaties usually take the form of written document signed by duly authorized representatives of the negotiating parties. Treaties are officially concluded but it is clearly apparent that each of the parties have given their consent. And I think what we've got to underline or underscore. And this definition we must emphasize duly authorized. necessary for these in order for lease agreements to have status What discovery of the New World by European nations those Nations found it necessary to regulate the rivalries in the Quest for territory The doctrine of Discovery gave the European nation, which first planets is flag the right to regulate territorial interest between itself and other Europeans. You did not settle the boundary issues between the European discover and the Indian nation whose territory was claimed. Well written documentation may have been a new addition to the treaty experience for most American Indians. The political tool itself was well-known. And all the early years the most important matter to form the subject of treaty negotiations where the settlement the establishment of geographical boundaries and the establishment of alliances military aid neutrality. In view of the fact that the Indian tribe organized into distinct governmental units. It is not surprised surprising that the European nations treated them as Sovereign Nations before the found in the United States. 1 attitude of sovereign Nations is the power to make treaties this afternoon. Was exemplified by the Dutch in the English who clearly recognize the existence of sovereign Authority and Indian tribes when they negotiated treaties with them. At 5 in the independent nations Indian tribes were beyond the control of Europe European nations, unless it formal agreement surrounding that Independence had been reached. The importance of economic relationship between the Indians and the United States was recognized in the Constitution United States provided in Article 1 Section 8 Clause 3 as follow the Congress shall have the power to regulate commerce with foreign Nations among the several States and with Indian tribes this Constitution and the laws of the United States which have been made in pursuance there pursuance thereof and all the treaties made or what she'll be make under the authority of the United States shall be the supreme law of the land. I'm like two European nations. Would you recognize the international character of Indian tribes and consequently entered into treaties with the United States government attempted to use the treaty to solve with the sauce of domestic problem? armed conflict between land hunger u.s. Citizens and Indian tribe determined to prevent the loss of their lands were freaking in the early feeding making. Keep the peace United States ought to make treaties that would define the boundaries of various Indian nations and the United States in order to separate the Indians from the white settlers. Since US government officials view the treaties as a method of controlling domestic disturbance, they refused to recognize the Indian treaties. Where agreement between Sovereign Nations there for part of international law. In the minds of many US officials Indian treaties did not have the same legal force and effect from treat that treaties with foreign Nations hat. Perhaps the basic contention of Indian Indians today with respect to their treaty rights is not that the treaties could not be repealed abrogated or superseded but they were not given the dignity. What such legal grievance should receive. United States are deadly serious when speaking of Lana sessions the seating of Indian Land. Made by tribes under those treaties when it comes to the fulfilling of duties of the United States under those same treaties. However, we are told that the treaters are are either all have been superseded by subsequent legislation, or they do not mean what they plainly say. The question of dignity of Indian treaties have been of continuing controversy between knowledgeable and the ignorant. Federal officials who have never studied law and who knows virtually nothing should you write Sam International principles of why I have been placed in charge of the most sensitive relationships with Indian tribes and have assumed that because treaties are now at Century Century oil. They must not have any effect as legal instruments defining actual legal rights. The case of Turner versus the American Baptist missionary Union gave an eloquent definition of legal status of Indian treaties is respect to their dignity as treaties. a definition is It is contended that a treaty with Indian tribe. It's not the same dignity or effect as a treaty with a foreign an independent nation. This distinction is not authorized by the Constitution since 4, since the commencement of the treaties have been made have been made with Indians and the treaty-making power has been exercising and making them they are treaties within the meaning of the Constitution within the meaning of the Constitution and as such are the supreme law of the land. in 1828 Attorney General William red our work rather rotten opinion for President Andrew Jackson in which you discuss the question of dignity of Indian treaties. fault If it be meant to say that although capable of treating their treaties are not construed like the treaties of Nations absolutely independent. No reason is discern for this distinction in the circumstance that their independence is a very limited character. If they are independent to the purpose of treating they have all the Independence that is necessary to the argument the point then once conceded that the Indians are independent for the purpose of making a purpose of treating their independence is to that purpose as absolute as that of any other Nation. The argument therefore that end in treaties are no consequence has no basis in law. Although it receives little basis. In fact by the refusal of federal agency officials to live according to the loss and then States. My dad just hold true to the for the General Public. But Continuum blatant violation Federal long for the executive branch of government must not be permitted to repel legal rights written into law and treaties ratified by the Senate. 1971 House of rep Representatives jealous that the president of the Senate conduct relations with Indian tribes and commit the United States to monetary obligations without participation by the house first passage of an act which can be found in 25 USC 71. Which provided as follows fuck no Indian Nation or tribe within the territory of the United States shall be acknowledged recognized as an independent nation tribe or power within the United States make contract by treaty obligation. Of any treaty lawfully made and ratified with any such Indian tribe or Nation prior to March. Turd 1871 she'll be here by invalidated and impaired. After that date United States would make agreements with Indian nations, which were ratified by Acker Congress this merely a change in form not in legal effect. such agreement still constitute agreements between nations Indian people today come down with the return to previous relationship need company recognition of sovereignty is the only way to keep an Indian government from interfering. with the Affairs of Indian government Underlying this attitude is the belief that Indian Indian treaties deserve to be a part of the same dignity. Is any legal documents in governing relations between any other Nation? Fact remains that there is no legal reason why Indian nations. Can I make agreements or treaties with the United States today? the last agreement between Indian nations done the United States crude 1911 What is the best definition that I was able to find offer you today with respect to the legality of Indian treaties? And the purpose of discussion tonight? Must recognize the failure. Those treaties the attitude of the American public and general superiority grieve of national. public corporations interest going to recognize these influence have safe superseded the constitutionality. Envelope on which this nation is founded. It is invalid because we're not keeping Constitution. Constitution has failed for Indian people. All these fine glassy words that are written the pond statues The Monuments we see in Washington. And all the words that are offered in our history classes for children written by the daughters of American Revolution. prime example of moral failure prime example of grade I think a prime example that would support the charge. betamerica pause Unaffected a great crime against the race of man. Give me an example of some of these failures. 1937 the treaty was made with the Chippewa Nation. And I would remind you there was no issue of Conquest. United States do not Embark upon military action Etowah defect the sovereignty of the Nations instead they made a treaty in 1837. best best step if you want feed the territory. What are the things they said you would have your hunting and fishing license? On top of that. We're going to pay you. What the land is worth? I don't think my people were being arrested for hunting and fishing on season territories today would think very much. mistreated a year ago Congress and all its goodness decided that after approximately 140 years. about time We're going to pay these and then people for that ceded territory from the south. Since they're hollering so much before Claims Commission. I went to work and made it. assignment is that we're going to give you $0.72 an acre for those anchors down the South are. And that's got to be based on 1837 prices and you ain't going to receive no answers for those hundred and forty years. You know what? I wished I could buy then like that. And I'd like to make a few treaties like that, too. My contention is if they want to buy a Janae 1837 prices and pay the interest from that time on. Tell the time they pass over thee returns. They don't want to pay the interest in by The 1975 prices like everybody else has to do. I think there's something attached to this problem that they even has greater significance. That's a greater importance. And has a direct reflection upon the quality of law that exist in this country. And it has to do with this 1837 treaty in the money. Is that supposed to be paid to the errors of that treaty? Here's a case where Indian people had to go to court against the United States as the United States of the defendant. the plaintiff winning a case What did the United States retain the rights and privileges defended to tell a plaintiff what he can do with that money in Denver? That's not right. I don't have no other. President no other place where the defendant has the right to tell us what he can do with his money. What happens to India? It remains or second and third class citizenship in a country that was wretchedly ours and I tell you I got nothing. Are dogs back here while back? talking to a banker puppies very same. Thanks. I suppose it's because black Hue got off its haunches. Just decided to challenge the system. modify the system become involved in this division of wealth process The person who did that? Going to Riley's people always saying well gee, how come you always talk about treaties always the past? Why don't we start over? BancorpSouth to me look You know a lot of things happening at like with rabies days and you got a chance to go ahead and build. we're going to help you build if you just you know, give us a chance to Helping you, you don't forget about that past. I start over from here. Well, you know, I thought that was pretty damn silly. And I told him mr. Banker. What you're asking me to do something, you wouldn't do yourself. Let's assume that 140 years ago my grandfather as chief of this tribe come into your bank. You had 10 million dollars in your bank. He went to work and borrowed 9 million of it. You only had a million last Barb most of its 9 million. one of these days 140 years ago my grandfather did that and I'm Sherman tried. Call me into a wreck. That 9 million bucks you borrowed 140 years ago. You haven't paid for house by paying it back. I said, what did you think of I said? Well, let's not talk about a hundred forty years ago. You know what forget about that? Alexis attitude but I'm talking about the same attitude is embedded in the handling of all our treaties and so even 1837 presents contract. Establish or realign the boundaries of humanities you to include any people in this country today contract treaties are no good. But let's start doing the right thing damage. If you don't want to honor the treaties left Chancellor, you take the hunting and fishing rights and give us the land back. That's fine. I'm reading a book while though. we're talking about attitude, you know that perpetrate high-crime one of these things, you know is apathy. For you to recommend And it's not enough ostrich policy that this country is infected with you know. We need people. from all walks of life We have a conscious concern for the Integrity of this nation. Or involved with religious principles and Concepts not only on Sunday morning, but throughout the week. And have the opportunity to stand before the legislature in the public and say this is not right. Obligation for not carrying it out so good. I'm reading article but I thought I'd name Parker. He's a Seneca Indian about 1915. He was a journal. they was talkin about the Indian treaties High crimes against racing man He charges. Double United States has Rob the race of man of its intellectual life. I'm at Social organization. I'm at the native freedom. I'm at economic independence. How much moral standards and racial ideals? It's good name among the peoples of the Earth. And it's definite Civic status. These are seven Great crimes against the race of man. This country is guilty of Which of these? Things are essential. command ordinations these crimes were committed all in the name of republic. any interest agreed paternalism all to the designer this country and running on moral standard Richard pretty dismal, but there's a ray of Hope here. goes on to say What does a trace of Consciousness exist however? I think message. a print of Christian principles that probably talk until 12, but we have given you so much. For those seven grave crimes we giving your 7th great gifts. Erroneously. He said we getting your reservations. women giving you the Bureau of Indian Affairs We've given you Bureau of Indian Affairs schools. We've given you Clerks. Is it September? We've given you food and clothing. We're giving you a new civilization. I'm off tomorrow when giving you a new great religion. Show me an extractor the price from Indian people. the territories all their lands your status the community of man prices had to pay what's the status? I'm an animal. I did the same thing for the Negro. Enslaved them. Delta Continental Railroad by reducing the Chinese to be a burden Grant Sherman TX termination policy this country We're in full force it was because this nation. reduce the Indian people to the state of animal in order to offset Any Cry of indignation? From the standpoint of humanity a religion that might crop up. because of extermination Massacre Why do you think we could have come back to the second world war as efficiently? as we did as an example look to the to the Indochina War indo-chinese By Propaganda in this country. We're not reduced to such a status for the general outcry of indignation. the American people would be stifled to the point where slider could have been allowed. In World War II the propaganda machine you went into effect. And we're about to reduce the Dignity of the status of old men. that this country was engaged the same thing happened to the Indian people and that's why. We had an extermination policy. We have yet to recover. falling from that onslaught a second-class citizenship exist almost every measure of law. Tell today. we can't even find sufficient support. The Constitution that would prevent further transgressions upon the rights to treaties. Afghan teeth by that Constitution molecular a tribe has made an attempt to challenge legally in the courts. And I say that's unnecessary. We should be unnecessary. recent court case Your Washburn County the issue of racing. question clearly identified and I don't need the treaties. Public Law 280 identify the retention treaty right But yet we find a state. ignoring principles that are for obvious leasing Financial an economic Burger abandoned people borders on slavery slavery existed because of excuse Where the moral excuse that was used? Are we have legal one? Yet we have part of the Constitution that says neither slavery nor involuntary servitude will exist in this nation. We're in a lot of things being said this nation. What rights principles? Big question for me is for who are they talking about? It hasn't been any of the people. We've suffered the Brunt. have expansion are you mad at me stripped? I think it's American people we owe it to ourselves. and our children Traverse T10 so that our people fall will have to pass judgment. Bongis past Century, we have to pass judgment Upon This Nation. Won't have to be too severe. I think rather than hunting and fishing We should be talking about the central. issues We can't solve. Are deficiencies in the Constitution law? If we can effectively. herb the greed and materialism The Fosters Chris Baskins prettiest models religion If we can't deal with another with one another as members of the human race. re-establish replenish the Lost sense of dignity make repairs. For the Injustice been heaped upon this race of man, and I say to you you have no business asking me to join the Centennial. Thank you very much. German Rick Baker of the Lakota Ray Indian Reservation then a reaction paddle began first Eugene Savage of the lowest Indian activist member of the Fond du Lac reservation Savage who's currently president of the Duluth Indian Action Council discussed at some length and number of Indian treaties some of which are in his possession. Some of these treaties began as far back as 1700 I think. 1789 I have a treaty. And1 beginning 1831 after the president dates and I find that in these treaties everything that was written up that we are the world's largest landowners and also the poorest we got everything they gave us was non-productive. I missed your Apple and open up the evening here talkin about the DNR and all the conservationists protecting the wild animals. I did a very good job of it. The passenger pigeon is gone. The wolf packs were in danger. They became on a protected list. Bison is gone except for maybe one or two. We have a few Buffalo what they're coming back. Because they are being cultivated. We lost most of the beaver and the eagle has had to be put on a protected list even to the point. We are not allowed to carry feathers anymore. I think the DNR did a hell of a good job. You should have left the Indian Runner. Because prior to the DNR coming in with all these conservationists. We had many buffaloes many wolves many beaver. And again I said the only ones breaking the the federal laws are the federal people that are charged to protect him. and I I might add. A few little things here that might surprise some of you but you never hear of talking about Federal people breaking federal laws. Did you know that there was 44 Indians killed since the Wounded Knee incident started? Why the FBI DNR CIA and some of the Goon Squad you never read about that, but you're right about the to Marshalls at 4 are the two FBI men that were killed. And we had guts enough to call Hitler. Criminal was the genocide that he was exercising back in World War II is being practiced today right now in the United States. This is 1975. and We find that people buy properties around the lake and they claim the lake. I got news for them. No one owns the water, but the federal government. And I don't know if mr. Applewood was in that deal at time. I know his wife was when we went into a lake near floodwood through a natural water course. 39 adults and 1 juvenile we were all arrested for taking wild rice on a on a privately-owned Lake. It was privately owned till we got into district court in Duluth and found a federal law that says the federal government owns the water tower lawyer who is passed away said tomorrow if they blocked the Waterway, we will go in by helicopter. Because they do not own the water in the federal government does but yet. They see an Indian out there on some lake that is a near civilization or poaching or netting or gelding. We are not we only are practicing our own privileges. Daggett 1 minute I heard Mr. Baker and say something about a line deals. Grand Portage was offered $0.39 an acre for a strip of land running through to the reservation to make a national park on a trail. And that's triple and thready Clique up the the reservation into and you know what they said you can't hunt on that land. So if you if you wanted are here, we got to go lay down the Grand Portage around at 600 ft and go back up and look for a wounded deer. How do I get arrested? Never paying $0.39 an acre for that my mother sold her land and Mayfield for $77 an acre. It was quite a difference. We finally had to close the door on me the man from the CIA. But I think with dirt help on the way for the Indians in the group tonight don't despair. We have a American Indian policy review commission that's being set up. And thank heavens. There's going to be Native Americans on it. It's not going to be all politicians or or non-indians. We are we're having Indians sit on this board to assess the needs and make sure that the laws are are being taken care of as promised in this particular set of treaties. And not a hodgepodge thing like this book describes Eugene Savage of Lee Duluth Indian Action Council. Another participant in the reaction panel was Ray Murdock native of the mole Lake Wisconsin Chippewa reservation. Now Duluth resident and has been active in Duluth, Indiana fair Murdock discuss. What he said is a common misconception about Indian fishing on Lake Superior is the Indian people are the ones who depleted the Lakes the lake trout of Lake Superior that the Indian people do fish downhill Dana or Red Cliff. We're the ones who were responsible for the depletion of all kinds of fish. I'm not aware of it prior to of the coming of the European to this country that the Indian people had to have. The Pollock the Eisenhower lock the Saint Lawrence Seaway in order to navigate their canoes. They weren't built. At that time because the Indian people didn't need them, but those same locks and that same Commerce. Both foreign and domestic allowed for a little number about that long with a sucking mouth to get ahold of Lake Superior trout. Call the lamprey. And that situation is what helped to played the fish in Lake Superior among other things there has never been that I know of great outrages from people around Lake Superior the concerned citizens about sivertson brother Fisheries Kemp Fisheries any other commercial fishery operation of Lake Superior? No one says anything about them. If Indian people would have become to be arrested at redcliff for bad River then again, the media reports that the Indians are raising hell again, or it must be inspired by the American Indian movement. How many people did we get see thrown in jail in Ely when the protesters went out to protest the Boundary Waters canoe area if that were Indian people on the edge of that area up there or standing at the entrances to Ely handing out pamphlets along the road. How many SWAT teams would they have to bring in from the Bureau of Indian Affairs or from the Federal Marshals or from the National Guard? What would what would happen that there would be a bunch of Redskins in jail, I can tell you that but as long as they use names like concern Sportsman whatever other Sportsman's organization then it's alright, then the DNR backs off and all of the troops kind of mellow down because my God, how could you throw that many white people in jail at once? You can't but you can throw that many Indian people in jail at once. You can put them on reservations. You can make sure that they don't have the kind of productive land that's necessary. You can only say is that the state governments have interfered long enough with Indian people in their fishing rights? That it's time that those treaties and those commitments in that were honored. It's time that people stop saying that Indian people have too many rights or more rights than they deserve. are the only people that can tell them that are Indian people alone is to say that it's now time that we take our position and that will be through the tribal governments in the authorized representatives of the tribal people. to be able to I think fully comprehend what we're trying to say and I'm not a constitutional lawyer. At least I haven't been for several years. Nor any kind of basis in law. for that matter But when the Indian people made those treaties it wasn't that the federal government gave us the right to hunt and fish and gather wild rice upon the land. It was simply acknowledge that Indian people always had those rights and that they simply were not given up. And I think many people hold the other view that the federal government gave us those rights that it was their right to give us those and that's simply not true. Simply a part of a treaty that says that we will have the right to hunt and fish and gather wild rice upon the land. And it's one that's always been hours. Is now ours and will always be ours. Thank you. Duluth Indian activist Ray Murdock and Clyde Atwood of the College of st. Scholastica Indian studies Department moderator of the session on Indian hunting and fishing rights and a little tail of a recent hunting season at the famous Menominee reservation in Wisconsin and 1968. The newspaper was quoting the DNR about how many deer there where is Menominee County? And it sounded like from the reports that the deer were so thick there that you you couldn't hardly drive down the roadways without hitting one. So they set up their deer season and they had two of them. and the everybody wanted to hunt during the main season weren't supposed to be able to get a license for the second season. Let me have the big spread was that you should come. And going in the big hunt cuz there's no doubt that you'll be sure to get your there because they're so many here. Not at that time. I had a work crew that was doing some cleaning up along the roadway is there and from Chicago come to load car load of people of hunters and I drove in and they drove around the reservation in my work crew reported that they saw them about 8 or 10 times driving up down the road. Finally. They stop late in the afternoon and says we read in the paper that you have a lot of deer here and we've driven all over the reservation and we haven't seen one yet. Anytime. Well, we find it when we want to sign the deer. We have to go out into the woods. And that's an actual happening 1968. Among the menominee's play that would moderator of a recent seminar on Native American hunting and fishing rights held at the College of Saint Scholastica in Duluth, and I'm take daily.